In this paper, we deal with non-smooth multi criteria optimization problem. Throughout the text we consider the functions which are non-differentiable. A few special derivatives have been deployed to obtain first order optimality conditions. We presented the generalized form of optimality conditions for multi-objective optimization problem when classical derivatives failed to apply. We illustrate these optimality conditions by means of suitable examples.

Crime data is at the heart of quantitative criminology research in particular and social science research in general. In the past years, many sources of crime data have been proposed to understand, describe and explain crime and criminality, but never before have the majority of these sources been tested using a huge number of crimes and applying different multivariate methods. A large-scale analysis and comparison of various sources of crime data is crucial if current analytical methods are to be used effectively and if new and more powerful methods are to be developed. This article presents the results of a comparison of the four main sources of crime data commonly used in quantitative criminology, in order to determine the best data source that can tell the whole truth about the extent or the true level of crime occurring in a society. Based on the results of these tests, a more comprehensive approach to measure crime is proposed, which represents all categories of crime and covers the offences committed. The result of the analysis is empirically-based, objective, and replicable evidence which can be used in conjunction with existing literature on the quantitative methods in criminology.

The current development effort of Ethiopian government emphasizes on market-oriented commodity production through specialization and diversification of enterprises that are complementary to specialized commodities. This household based package formulation is natural resources conservation based approach. Farmers of Hararge have rich and ecologically sound traditional land husbandry practices/knowledge base. “Traditional tie-ridging” is practiced for in-situ moisture conservation and intensification of cropping systems at plot level. RW is contained in the farm plot. There are some similar experiences in Tigray but should be further exploited to expand and introduce cash crop/ agroforestry in the rugged and undulating areas of Tigray. There was also good integration of biological and physical SWC techniques. Enterprises should be diversified, integrated and market-oriented to improve the livelihood of farmers. Important knowledge gained from Hararge to fill gaps in Tigray & other drylands of Ethiopia comprises water harvesting (in-situ moisture/ water harvesting through tie-ridges), irrigation (crop diversification and intensification), zero grazing and integrated & intensive watershed management approach. further integration of current joint SLM development efforts, network of professionals working on different aspects of water management and utilization, and strong policy, research advisory support should gain top priority to empower and complement current grass-root community efforts and synergize and integrate with new adapted technologies for sustainable use and development of the natural resource base and accelerate agricultural development and transformation.

The delivery of education has improved over time by using the IT enabled services, especially in the higher education institutes. The role of the IT enabled services to disseminate effective teaching has increased over time and still improving with a great pace with emerging needs of the students and the teachers. This research paper is focused to identify and investigate the quality of IT enabled services in the higher education institutes in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted at two model higher education institutions from public and private sector. Mixed research method has been used to attain the information and to identify the convergence of the information. It was identified that the quality of IT enabled services in better in the public sector institution ascompared to the private sector institution.

Demographic change in Bangladesh is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, Bangladesh finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, Bangladesh’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpin this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in Bangladesh. Policy choices can potentiate Bangladesh’s realization of economic benefits stemming from demographic change. Failure to take advantage of the opportunities inherent in demographic change can lead to economic stagnation.

The main task of a MAC protocol is to prevent simultaneous transmissions or resolve transmission collisions of data packets while providing energy efficiency, low channel access delays and fairness among the nodes in a network [1]. The Aloha protocol is a fully decentralized medium access control protocol. This protocol was introduced to improve the utilization of the shared medium by synchronizing the transmission of devices. The performance of the Carrier sense Pure ALOHA is evaluated in this paper on the basis of throughout of the system and the average number of retransmission needed for the successful transmission of a packet. Performance criteria are analyzed with change of offered load of the system. The simulation is a Monte Carlo based one on the MATLAB platform.

Childbirth is a central event to human nature and one that has a great impact on the life of women and their families. Over the years, remarkable progresses were made in the safety and comfort of human labor and birth but there is also an increase in maternal as well as neonatal mortality. The DOH embarked on Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC) to address neonatal deaths in the country. This descriptive correlation study was conducted to determine the extent of implementation of the EINC protocol in the three areas: labor room (LR), delivery room (DR), and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the selected private and public hospitals in Iligan City, and the perceived barriers to its implementation. A sample of 62 staff nurses (86.5%) and midwives (14.5%) were purposively selected from two private hospitals and three public hospitals in Iligan City. A three-part structured questionnaire was utilized to carry out the rationale of the study. The results revealed that the staffs were generally applying the steps/procedures in the EINC protocol in their respective units.

Accumulation of heavy metals in crops grown in metal-polluted soil may easily cause damage effect on human health through food chain. Fu et al (2008), The main factor for heavy metals accumulation was litho logical factor in three acid agricultural areas. It is reported that soil (aquaregia) soluble fraction of Co, Ni , Al and Fe. These elements were associated with indigenous clay minerals in the soil high in toxic metals. Species Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) grown in contaminated soil and after washing with tap water. The soil were mixed with different amendments (SSP, CaCo3 , FYM and CaCo3+ FYM).After harvesting the plants were treated with Di–Acid solution and prepare sample with double distal water. The observed uptake of concentration of Cu (72480μg pot-1), Ni (2660 μg pot-1) and Zn(8217 μg pot-1) in sunflower species at flowering.

Software developing process has been improving day by day. The development process can be affected through different ways like changing the development environment, strategies and upcoming technologies. In order to save valuable times and to speed up the process, we can guide programmer during the development time through providing relevant recommendations. There are some strategies that suggest related code snippets and API-items to the software programmers. There are some techniques that apply general code searching approaches and some techniques that employ online based repository mining process. But it is kind of difficult tasks to guide programmers when they need specific type conversion like adapting existing interfaces from the previously used types as per their demands. One of the familiar approaches to guide developers in such a situation is to adapt collections and arrays through automated adaptation of object ensembles. But how does it help a novice developer in real time software development that is not explicitly exemplified. In this paper, we have tried to introduce a system that works as a plug-in tool incorporated with a data mining integrated environment to recommend the relevant interfaces while they look for a type conversion. We have a mined repository of respective adapter classes and related APIs from where programmers search their query and get their result using the relevant transformer classes. The system that recommends developers entitled automated objective ensembles (AOE plug-in). From the investigation that we have done, we can see that our approach works much better than some of the existing approaches.

Parents have the potential to protect against adolescent sexual risk, including early sexual behavior and its outcomes such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The objective of this study therefore was to assess the status of adolescent-parent communication about sexual and reproductive health and associated factors among school students. Institution based cross sectional study was conducted. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS. A total of 521 students were included in the study, making a response rate of 97%. Three hundred (57.6%) adolescents discussed about at least one sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents. Educational status of adolescents’ parents, students’ living arrangement and level of education of respondents were found to be independent predictors of adolescents’ communication. Thus, the MOH and other concerned stakeholders working in areas of reproductive health should strengthen IEC targeting adolescents and their parents to promote their awareness.