Identification of the mobile ad hoc network node in a secure, reliable communication is a very important factor. It will be a node in the service of reconciliation and node behaviour leads to uncertainty. It is always challenge to manage node security and resource due to the complexity of high mobility and resource constraints. Trust based security provides light-weight security computing for individual node trust to provide reliable and quality of service. In this paper we present a multiple quality measure factors (MQMF) approach for computing node trust to improvise the quality of service. It compute four quality measure factors based on node throughput and packet drop during communication to measure the node individual trustworthiness. It prevent the network from anomalous and malicious nodes to improvise the security and throughput. The evaluation measures shows an improvisation in throughput with less packet drop and computational overload in compare to existing protocols.

Back ground: Obstetric fistula or vaginal fistula is a medical condition in which a fistula (hole) develops between either the rectum and vagina or between the bladder and vagina after severe or failed childbirth, when adequate medical care is not available. It is the most tragic of preventable childbirth complications in the developing world, as affected women are often abandoned by their husbands and family, and forced to live in shame. Objective: The main objective the study was to determine an appropriate binary model for the recovery status of the vesicovaginal patients. Further more, the study explores factors affecting the recovery status of the patients during the time period of the study. Methods: The study consists of 206 vesicovaginal fistula patients having all required information who were taking treatment at Metu Hamlin Fistula center from November 2010 to June 2014. The chi-square test of association were employed to explore the association between the recovery status and categorical independent variables.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis or DVT is a blood clot that forms within a deep vein typically in the lower leg or thigh, although they can also occur in other parts of the body. This thrombus/clot prevents the flow of blood in that vein leading to swelling and pain. When a part of the clot breaks off from the main thrombus it is known as an embolus. The most feared complication of DVT is pulmonary embolism, which is potentially life-threatening, in which the embolus travels to the lungs. Pulmonary embolism is thought to be one of the most common causes of preventable deaths in hospitals in the U.S. Other complications include post thrombotic syndrome which can affect up to 50% of patients who develop DVT. DVT is estimated to occur at an incidence of 1 per 1000 adults annually with an increased risk in males versus females and is most common in adults over the age of 601. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the term given to include both deep vein thrombosis as well as pulmonary embolism. Aim: Provide an update on the proper management of DVT to reduce morbidity and mortality. Methods: A review of online publications and medical journals.

This study investigated the effect of sectoral government expenditure on poverty level in Kenya. Private Consumption per capita, a measure of poverty, was the independent variable while education, health, agriculture and infrastructure expenditures were the independent variables. Time series data for the period of 1964-2010 was used and was tested for unit root using Augmented Dickey Fuller test whereby all variables were found to be integrated to I(1). A lag length of three was selected using Vector Autoregressive model. Presence of co-integration was confirmed using the Johansen test which showed there was one co-integrating equation. Vector Error Correction model indicated that there was a stable long run relationship between poverty level and sectoral government expenditure in Kenya. The regression results indicated that agriculture and health expenditures have a positive and significant effect on poverty level while infrastructure expenditure has a negative and significant effect on poverty level. The effect of education expenditure on poverty level was insignificant. It is recommended that the government in Kenya increases expenditure allocation to agriculture and health sectors.

The incompatibility of articles 42 and 63 of the treaty relating to the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA treaty) and article 1 (3) of the constitution of Cameroon gives rise to the question: is the OHADA treaty constitutionally valid in Cameroon given its mixed legal system? The author answers in the affirmative. The paper seeks to investigate into the constitutional validity of the OHADA treaty. In so doing, the paper shall explore the Cameroonian legal system and some key provisions of the OHADA Treaty, which will be highly selective for this article with the view to determine whether the Treaty establishing OHADA is constitutionally valid in Cameroon. The value of this article lies in the insight it offers into OHADA and Cameroon’s legal system.

A steady rise in the patronage for Traditional African Medicine (TAM) has necessitated a corresponding increase in the demand for the ingredients used in the preparation of the trado-medicines. These ingredients are the various wild animals and plants parts. The attendant rise in this demand for ingredients calls for a need to document the extent of utilisation of these natural resources involved as a measure of the impact of such trade on biodiversity conservation. This paper examined diversity of molluscan, reptilian and avian species traded for use in TAM; the quantity of each species traded for utilisation over a period of time, and seasonal fluctuations in abundance and utilisation of these species as an index of utilisation pressure on populations in the wild. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was employed. An open-ended questionnaire was administered on vendors in selected market stalls for six consecutive markets days in each of dry and rainy seasons. The study identified twenty-three species, 8 were listed in CITES and Nigerian Decree 11(1985). A total of 3196 (molluscan), 2527 (reptilian), 2894 (avian) carcasses were traded over an average period of twenty days.

The inhibitive effect of expired Cidamex drug on aluminum in 1M HCl solution was studied using weight loss, hydrogen evolution, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The results indicate that Cidamex is good inhibitor and inhibition efficiency improved with concentration and reached 99.6% at 300 ppm. Thermodynamic activation parameters that govern the process were deduced from the temperature dependence. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that this drug behaves as mixed-type inhibitor. This drug was adsorbed on aluminium surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results obtained from all investigated techniques are in good agreement.

The economic lot scheduling problem (ELSP) creates challenge between lot sizing and sequencing. The ELSP’s primary goal is to minimize the total setup and holding expenditures of different products on a single machine. ELSP is a mathematical model. It deals with a company’s planning what to manufacture, when to manufacture and how much to manufacture. This paper deals with the Economic Lot Scheduling (ELS) of a Jute industry for time varying demand with Stock out. This model will help to understand the total production time and allocate individual time against each product. This also increases the cycle time for a given aggregate inventory. In reality, demands and capacities are varying with time. An aggregate plan is expected to give time varying capacities since the plan is to meet fluctuating demand. It is therefore necessary to model the more realistic situation where the demand and capacity vary each day. This model will provide a production schedule of a set of items in a single machine to minimizing the long run average holding and set up cost under the assumptions of time varying demand and production rates, allowing material stock out.

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of no. of mobile nodes which communicate through wireless channel without any existing network infrastructure. Because the resource constrained nature of WSN a data packet routing requires multiple hops to exchange data across the network. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a secure energy efficient routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. The proposed energy efficient elliptical curve based spherical grid routing protocol for WSN provides correct and efficient route establishment between a pair of nodes so that data packets can be delivered in time to the destination. Secure route construction can be done with optimized WSN performance matrices such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, minimum energy consumptions, communication overheads & end to end delay. This proposed algorithm evaluates Spherical grid routing protocols for wireless sensor networks protocol while varying no. of nodes and pause time and results are compared with few existing routing protocols using network simulator.

This study treats the relationship of economy size of Western Balkan countries with Foreign direct investment (FDI) for ten years’ period. Through knowing the FDI importance in economic development is measured the impact of economy size of Western Balkan countries in attracting foreign direct investments. Data to realize this study were taken from World Bank, in yearly frequence for 2005 to 2014 period. After using Pearson Correlation technique for empirical analysis which is realized with SPSS v. 21.0, statistical program. Results showed that there is a positive relationship that is not statistically important. From this result is clearly shown that factors for foreign direct investment attracting is not economy size, but FDI attraction is influenced more from specific policies of places and trade liberalization.