We investigate the effects of the wind shears and nonisothermality on the ray propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in a nonhydrostatic atmosphere by generalizing Marks & Eckermann’s WKB ray-tracing formalism (1995: J. Atmo. Sci., 52, 11, 1959-1984; cited as ME95). Five atmospheric conditions are considered, starting from the simplest isothermal and shearfree case. In every step case a set of ray equations is derived to numerically code into a global ray-tracing model and calculate the profiles of ray paths in space and time, wavelengths and intrinsic wave periods along the rays, meanfield temperature or horizontal zonal/meridional wind speeds, as well as their gradients, and the WKB criterion parameter, . Results include, but not limited to, the following: (1) Rays in shear-free and isothermal atmosphere follow straight lines in space; both forward and backward-mapping rays are superimposed upon each other; wavelengths (x,y,z), as well as the intrinsic wave period ( ), keep constant versus altitude. (2) If Hines’ locally isothermal condition is applied, i.e., including the effect of temperature variations in altitude, ray traces become non-straight; however, their projections in the horizontal plane keep straight; the forward and backward ray traces are no longer overlain; and, show discernable changes but does not change. All the modulations happen at around 80-150 km altitudes.

Three selected sites with gradual distances from Al-Daura thermal power station (0.5 km (St. 1), 1Km (St. 2) and 2Km (St.3), were chosen for sampling according to the direction of downwind of site. In addition, one of unpolluted site was chosen for comparison as a control site in Baghdad around 4 Km upwind from Al-Daura thermal power station. The samples were taken for two seasons; the first season was in December 2014 and the second season was in March 2015. The concentrations of some pollutants that originated from Al-Daura thermal power station as air pollutants and heavy metals in the soil were measured. Whereas the results of heavy metals in soil refer to significant differences in the concentrations of Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Copper (Cu) in all three sites comparing with control site, they were higher in site 2 than other sites, while the Lead (Pb) concentration was higher in site 3. There was a significant increase in concentrations of Ni and Pb in the first season than in the second season, whereas no significant differences appeared in the concentrations of Cd and Cu between the two seasons.

Three selected sites with gradual distances from Al-Daura thermal power station (0.5 km (St.1), 1km (St.2) and 2km (St.3) were chosen for sampling according to the direction of downwind of site. In addition, one of unpolluted site for comparison as control site in Baghdad around 4 Km upwind from Al-Daura thermal power station. The samples were taken for two seasons; the first season was in December 2014 and the second season was in March 2015.The results of heavy metals in plant tissues showed a high concentration of Ni, Cd and Cu in the leaves and root of Citrus aurantium L. in all the three sites; the highest concentrations were in site 2, while the Pb concentrations in site 1 and 2 were less from that of the site 3. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of Cd and Pb between the two seasons, while there was a significant increase in the concentrations of Ni and Cu in the second season than in the first season. The chlorophyll and protein content in Citrus aurantium L. trees were higher in the control site than the other three sites. Site 2 recorded the lowest value. There were significant increases in chlorophyll and protein content in the second season than that in the first season.

The Doygana district are known as the undulating topography and highland agro ecology endowed with small plots of lands per households that needs improved forage development as a basic instrument for improved cattle production and soil and water conservation; and availability of introduced improved forage technology before more than three decades, Nevertheless, the level of adoption and utilization of improved forage technology is said to be minimal. This study, therefore, was initiated to identify factors that affect the adoption of improved forages decision in the Doyogena district of Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities People Regional State of Ethiopia. The study was undertaken in two kebele. Structured and semi Structured questionnaires were used to undertake 140 sampled farmers.

Low probability of intercept radar signals, which are often problematic to detect and characterize, have as their goal ‘to see and not be seen’. Digital intercept receivers are currently moving away from Fourier-based analysis and towards classical time-frequency analysis techniques for the purpose of analyzing these low probability of intercept radar signals. This paper presents the novel approach of characterizing low probability of intercept frequency hopping radar signals through utilization and direct comparison of the Spectrogram versus the Scalogram. Two different frequency hopping low probability of intercept radar signals were analyzed(4-component and 8-component). The following metrics were used for evaluation: percent error of: carrier frequency, modulation bandwidth, modulation period, and timefrequency localization. Also used were: percent detection, lowest signal-to-noise ratio for signal detection, and plot (processing) time. Experimental results demonstrate that overall, the Scalogram produced more accurate characterization metrics than the Spectrogram. An improvement in performance may well translate into saved equipment and lives.

In this paper, I present the first global overview of the members of fossil ichnotaxon Osedacoides and it recent relatives of the morphogenus Osedax. Close on 15 years ago those worms were found on sea floor fallen whalebones that dissolve last recyclers in the food chain to the bone [25]. Before that time it was simply technically not possible to observe a whale carcass over a longer period of time and to study the dynamics of the submarine carcasse- societies. Probably the Osedacoides do not specialize in whales, but they did also in past geological ages already been feasting on carcasses, as boreholes show in fossils. The main focus of this work is on the fossil evidences.

Cement Manufacturing Industry is being considered as one of the major sources of revenue in Kashmir division after the Tourism industry. But the performance of this industry has been equally under the threat because of rapidly increasing work stress which has become a huge challenge for the employers globally, as the increasing levels of stress results into the lower productivity, increased absenteeism and assortment of other employee tribulations at the work place. Aim: The aim of this paper was to investigate as to which extent the demographic variables (i.e. Qualification, Length of tenure and marital status) influence the work stress of cement manufacturing workers in Kashmir division. Methods: The sample size consists total of 300 workers, 150 workers were selected from JK Cements Ltd. and 150 from the Khyber Cements Pvt. Ltd.

This work examined the impediments corruption pose on Nigerias’ economy. It states that “Corruption in Nigeria is endemic in all facets and it has continued to challenge the goals of sustainability of development efforts in all ramifications. Thus, this chapter provides explanations on the corruption variable in the country, its negative impacts, consequences and impediments towards the country march to economic recovery in post 2015 and the sustenance of development effort. The work applied the historical method of data collection (secondary sources) using descriptive mechanism of analysis.

Background: Noroviruses and astroviruses are important agents of acute gastroenteritis among children. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations world-wide. Globally, an estimated 800 000 infants and young children die from diarrhea every year. Aims: This was a cross-sectional study that included acute diarrheic children presenting in Specialist Hospital, Nursing Home Health Centre and Ngamdu pediatric clinic in Borno state with the aim of detecting norovirus and astrovirus antigen. Two hundred children whose parent/ guardian consented were enrolled in the study. Methodology: Two hundred acute diarrheic and forty one nondiarrheic fecal samples were collected from children aged 5 or less between June 2013 – May 2014. Samples were screened for norovirus and astrovirus antigen using 3rd generation RIDASCREEN ELISA test kit. Demographic data of the children were obtained.

A class of entire bicomplex sequences denoted by B, studied by Srivastava & Srivastava in 2007 is studied and is shown to be a bicomplex module. The subclasses of this class,studied by Wagh in 2008, are also shown to be bicomplex modules. Further they have been shown to form module structure over the class B.