Nations of the Asian Tigers, as far back as the 19th and 20th centuries, came to realize and recognize the fundamental role that indigenous technology in the field of commercial agricultural revolution. The Asian tigers, namely, Japan, Korea, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, evolved indigenous technologies overtime which came to serve as the technological base station in the drive for overcoming the hurdles of traditional based economy whose techniques of production were rooted in traditional beliefs and ideas. In this paper, Nigeria has a lot to adopt from the framework of the Asian Tigers if the nation must overcome the challenges of a traditional based economy which depends primarily on primitive crude forces of production. Already, in several fields of her national history, particularly the agricultural sector, there is the invention and evolution of indigenous technologies in the agro-allied sector which can become the panacea for an agricultural driven revolution. This paper focuses in the evolution of indigenous technologies in the processing and production of groundnut, yams and cereals.

It is of great interest to improve an organization’s service quality by investigating the antecedents of customers’ satisfaction in a dynamic, global business environment. Service industries try to compete by providing high-quality customer service via developing their internal service climate. Currently both industry and academia have shown a growing interest in the concept of internal service climate. Furthermore, internal service climate increases job satisfaction and reduces role stress. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internal service climate on employees’ job satisfaction. The research design is a descriptive research. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. A survey questionnaire with five point Likert scale was a main tool for gathering primary data about internal service climate effect on job satisfaction. 123 permanent employees were participated in filling the questionnaires. The researcher used censes sampling method.

Hospital efficiency relates to organizational factors and leadership style. This study investigated several factors, as one interdependent construct, with the potential to influence hospital performance in terms of quality-of-care. National database and survey information on modern management, lean management, organizational traits and leadership was compared. A positive correlation was found between hospital performance and hospital type. Two negative correlations were found: one relating to the root cause of problems in the context of modern management style, and one relating to managerial responsibility in the context of lean (process) management style. No correlations were found with organizational factors or leadership. This study clarifies the relevance of several factors to hospital performance and highlights areas for further research on management systems, covering acute vs critical care and transformational vs transactional leadership, in order to identify drivers of performance in US hospitals.

This study focused on examining the distributive effect of foreign direct investment (fdi) inflows on the performance of the Nigerian economy, with specific reference to the real sector of the economy. The major problem was that despite increasing inflows of fdi to the Nigerian economy, the sectors identified in this work were performing poorly. Thus, the objective of this study were to establish the relationship that exists between capacity utilization rate, export volumes, growth rate of gross domestic and the inflows of fdi to mining & quarrying, manufacturing & processing, agriculture and fisheries, transport & communication, building and construction and trading and business. Literature was reviewed and the OLS multiple regression model was used to analyse the relationships.

Pakistan’s economy is agrarian in nature and character. Agricultural sector is the main source of income for majority of population in the country. Subsistence kind of cultivation hardly allows the farmers to use high quality seeds, sufficient amount of fertilizers and other improved farm techniques. Small farmers are generally characterized as having low income, less saving and low capital formation. Apparently, credit seems to be the dire need of these clusters of farming community. This research endeavors to analyze the effect of agricultural credit advance by Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd (ZTBL) on crop production in district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. For this purpose a house hold level survey was conducted and primary data were collected from a sample of 113 randomly selected farmers in a village (Urmar Maina) of District Peshawar. There were 818 (402 male and 416 female) family members in all the house- holds. Farming was the main occupation of all the respondents, 51(45%) had secondary occupation as well. most of the respondents utilized the loan for agriculture activities i.e. Purchase of improved seed, insecticides, fertilizer, machinery, Farm yard manure (FYM).

The dissolution of polymers in solvents is an interest area of polymers science and technology due to their applications in films and membranes. The starting point for the preparation of polymer membranes by phase inversion is having a thermodynamically stable solution. In this work, the thermodynamic behavior of polyamide 66 (PA66) solutions in formic acid (FA) and in hydrochloric acid (HC ), was studied to evaluate its physical/chemistry classification. The polymer systems may be divided into five classes (types), which incorporate polymer-low molecular liquid systems, ranging from true solutions to dispersions of polymers in liquids. The polyamide 66/formic acid (PA66/FA) binary system is considered a true solution. Several experiments were performed to verify if the polyamide 66/hydrochloric acid (PA66/HC ) binary system has all characteristics of true solution. The analysis showed that the PA66/HC binary system presents all characteristics of true solution, including the final morphology of the membranes that are similar obtained membranes by PA66/FA binary system.

The paper deals with the spread of its own waves on the visco elastic plate with variable thickness. Basic relations of the classical theory of plates of variable thickness obtained on the basis of the principles of virtual displacements. The spectral problem, which is not self ad joint. Built for the task biorthogonality conditions, based on the Lagrange formula. The numerical solution of the spectral tasks performed on the computer software system based on the method of orthogonal shooting S.K. Godunov in combination with the method of Muller.

The failure of the state to contain the proliferation of foreign extremist groups and their links with domestic religious groups exacerbates the incidence of extremism and violence in the country. It has been noted that the costs of crime are tangible and intangible, economic or social, direct or indirect, physical or psychological, individual or community. In this essay, the effects of insurgency are discussed under four headings, namely: national security, socio-economic impact, collapse of infrastructure/humanitarian crisis and diplomatic relations.

This paper examines the implications of Girl-child to nation building in the 21st century in Nigeria. The paper began by pointing out the wrong notions that many Nigerians have particularly the rural dwellers about women being consider as properties for man and objects for their pleasure and how this notion restrains them from training their girl-children in schools. The paper further examined the concept of girl-child education to be all inclusive, some hindrances to effective girlchild education such as economic factors, sexual violence and abuse, political factors, the school environmental factors and socio-cultural and religious factors were highlighted. Included in the paper also was the implications that effective girl-child education would have on nation building such as povertyreducing effects, improves health and nutrition, reduces inequality, reduces women’s fertility rates, lowers infant and mortality rates and increases women’s labour force participation rates and earnings. The paper finally recommended among others that government at all levels should give more attention to girl-child education, well to do individuals can contribute to girl-child education by giving them scholarship to study in higher institution, provision of school facilities and equipment that can ease their learning effectively as it contribute to nation building and the need to create more awareness for parents on sexual violence and abuse and this can be through radio and newspaper jingles and advertisement as well as periodical seminars and conferences.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of short-term flushing with energy and protein sources on the reproductive performances of meat goats for 21 days. A total of 180 Spanish and their crosses with Boer goats (Spanish X Boer) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments consisting of 2 body condition score (BCS) classes (Low and High) and 3 flushing treatments consisting of no supplementation (control), supplementation with protein mixture (PM) and combination of protein and energy (PE) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangements. The results indicated that the BCS class had significant effect on pregnancy (P < 0.01) and kidding rates (P < 0.05) in which does in high body condition class had higher pregnancy and kidding rates than those in the low condition. The number of does diagnosed as pregnant was 67 and 81 and as non-pregnant was 23 and 9 for Low and High BCS does, respectively. Likewise, there were 24 and 11 does that did not kid and 66 and 79 that did for Low and High BCS, respectively. Litter size and weight was greater (P < 0.05) for Spanish X Boer than for Spanish does.