This study aims to investigate what motivates individuals to continue to participate in virtual communities. A comprehensive model that incorporates the antecedents of individuals’ behavioral intention to continued participation in virtual communities is proposed and empirically tested. The data for this study were collected through a Web survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that attitude toward participating in virtual communities is a significant predictor of continuance intention. The strongest influence on attitude toward participation was found for perceived enjoyment. Perceived usefulness and subjective norm were found to have significant positive influences on attitude toward participation. The implications of the results of this study are expected to contribute to identifying key predictors of individuals’ continued intentions to participate in virtual communities and provide insights into effective strategies to vitalize virtual communities in the postadoption stage.

Primary urethral carcinoma is a very rare urinary tract cancer with very few reported cases all over the world. Owing to limited trials and research work due to the rarity there is no standardization of the treatment protocol. We report a case of a 60 yrs female presenting with hematuria who underwent surgical resection of urethra and was diagnosed to be a case of Primary Urethral adenocarcinoma.

One of the major causes of high electrical energy consumption is unawareness of usage of electricity. Most people forget of turning-off lights and electrical equipment when not used or even when they are not around. Study shows that 80 per cent of the employee in different offices would forget to turn off lights and other electrical equipment when they are out of the office. The internet based remote control systems are commonly available in most advanced countries. Thus, for developing country like Ethiopia this technology is very much helpful for regulating the energy consumption of every government and private establishment. The main objective of this project is to control and monitor any electrical appliances using internet anywhere. The main components of this project were low cost computer as server and a low cost microcontroller PIC16F84A

Aim: Preparation of anti-rabies IgY in chicken egg yolk in addition to preparation of antirabies IgG in rabbits and evaluate their efficacy in protection against rabies infection in emergency cases simulated in mice. Materials and Methods: Fifteen, 35week-old, Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens were used for preparation of anti-rabies IgY from egg yolk. It was found that the obtained IgY had a concentration of 2.32 g/dl. In addition, ten Bosket rabbits of about 3kg bodyweight were used for preparation of anti-rabies IgG which was found to have a concentration of 3.42g/dl. Both of chicken egg yolk IgY and rabbit IgG were found to be safe when they are inoculated intraperitoneally in mice. Results: Serum neutralization test revealed that IgY and IgG had rabies antibody titers of 64 and 128 respectively. The tow preparations were tested for determination of their potency in experimentally infected mice with rabies virus on daily intervals post infection.

In this study researchers evaluate fund specific and comparative risk adjusted performance of open ended equity growth schemes and also assess relative efficiency of select mutual fund schemes. Daily Net Asset Values (NAVs) of 17 funds for a period of eight years are gathered. Data are transformed using Log Normal method. Risk adjusted performance is measured using Sharpe index, comparative analyses are conducted using analysis of variance and t-test. Finally relative efficiency is measured with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study results report that, of the eight years, sample schemes reported positive risk adjusted returns for four years, and for remaining four years fund returns are negative. Researchers failed to find any difference in the performance among schemes. Furthermore, there is no difference in the performance of small cap and large cap fund schemes. Relative efficiency performance is also not statistically significant.

Objective: The Objective of this Study is to assess the entrepreneurial competencies of Micro and Small enterprises of Jimma Zone. Methods: An enterprise based cross sectional study was done using both quantitative and qualitative methods in three purposively selected districts/towns of Jimma Zones namely Agaro, Limu Kossa, and Shebe Sombo. A total of 183 entrepreneurs from both Micro and small enterprises were randomly sampled for quantitative and 16 FGDs and 9 Key informant interviews were conducted to describe and determine the outcome of interest. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and qualitative data was managed by transcribing verbatim on daily basis. Results: All of the respondents were aged 19 years and above with mean age of 26.8±4.2. 71% of them were male managers indicating gender inequality in business leadership of micro and small enterprises of the zone. Majority 124(67.8%) of them were from families having no business. the result of this study indicates that there is high gender gap in the leadership of micro and small enterprises.

I pose the question of maximal Newtonian surface gravity on a homogeneous body of a given mass and volume but with variable shape. In other words, given an amount of malleable material of uniform density, how should one shape it in order for a microscopic creature on its surface to experience the largest possible weight? After evaluating the weight on an arbitrary cylinder, at the axis and at the equator and comparing it to that on a spherical ball, I solve the variational problem to obtain the shape which optimizes the surface gravity in some location. The boundary curve of the corresponding solid of revolution is given by (x2 + z2)3 − (4 z)2 = 0 or r(θ) = 2√cos θ, and the maximal weight (at x = z = 0) exceeds that on a solid sphere by a factor of 35√3 5, which is an increment of 2.6%. Finally, the values and the achievable maxima are computed for three other families of shapes.

The gas chromatographic retention indices for (89 pyrazines of test and 25 of validation) on O V-101 and Carbowax -20M are successfuty modeled with the ald of a computer and the Software system. Structural descriptors are calculated and multiple linear regression analysis are used to generate model equations relating structural features to observed retention characteristics then was treated with two methods. The detection of influential observations for the standard least squares regression model is a problem which has been extensively studied. LAD regression diagnostics offers alternative dicapproaches whose main feature is the robustness. Here a nonparametric method for detecting influential observations is presented and compared with other classical diagnostics methods. Comparisons are between models generated for the two stationary was carried out with two methods, and descriptors that may encode differences in solute interactions with stationary phases of differing polarity are discussed and validated results in the state approached by the tests statistics: Test of Anderson-Darling, shapiro-wilk, Agostino, Jarque-Bera and the confidence interval thanks to the concept of robustness to check if the distribution of the errors is really approximate.

Celebrity endorsement (CE) could not have been successful and attained such popularity had it not been some moderating factors which have facilitated its success rate of impacting on diffusion of products and services throughout societies, communities and markets all over the world. This paper focus is on findings from a research project that reflected upon the moderating factors which have facilitated the success rate of Celebrity endorsement (CE) and how it has impacted on diffusion. The study was undertaken to reflect upon the rate at which moderating factors have aided CE which have enhanced and transformed social interactions and have quickened communication within, between and among societies hence spreading information faster and easier throughout communities. CE was applied to capture Customers and Business Executives experiences on using Celebrity Endorsers which provided a basis for observation and reflection. The research adopted both quantitative and qualitative methodology. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study surveyed 30 Business Executives.

Due to global financial crisis, around the all over the world all developing and under developing countries are facing the low trading profit. In most of the developing country like Pakistan, there is low investment level due to political instability. Due to this condition Karachi stock exchange has the worst sell. Karachi stock exchange is known as the oldest and more profitable stock exchange of Pakistan.oil and gold prices are attracting investors towards there not in the stock exchange. This thing is the barrier for the progress of the development of the country. This paper is trying to expose that stock market is going to down due to these variables. For checking the impact of oil and gold prices on the Karachi stock exchange. We have used that secondary data for this study. For this purpose we have taken data from Karachi stock exchanges from the period of 1996 to 2013.We have applies correlation matrix for this purpose.