The paper devotes the algorithm of ship handling when the environmental parameters varied as the function of the way. In nautical practice, when the ships sail in the channel, they often arrange as the convoy with the leader ship. In order to ensure the maritime safety, the mariner should establish the algorithm for control of ship engine system and steering gear complex. In this research, the author uses the maximum principle of Pontryagin L.S to establish the similar control. However, in order to obtain these ranges of numerical solutions like this, sometimes it’s difficult to use the maximum principle. Because, there is not enough the initial condition for using of the auxiliary vector that is the quantity to define the time of control variation. These obstacles shall be cleared by the selection of the transversal conditions. The problems are solved under Maier’s and G. Kelly’s condition as well as the Hamiltonian operator and Cardano’s formula.

Marketing has been expanded into politics with its development in business over the years. In politics, marketing strategies are used to communicate with the voters nowadays. Political marketing is evolving and campaigns now rely on political marketing for success in elections. In this study, the outline of political marketing has been given and its segments has been discussed as well as taking into account the criticism about the field. This study analysis traditional marketing tactics a political marketer uses and discusses the position of marketing in politics thoroughly. The most common model of marketing, Three-Stage Model, has been used to explain the stages of political marketing to give an insight about the field.

Mushrooms are important fungi that play a great role for food self-sufficiency and to fill the gap of protein deficiency in most cereal crops, vegetables and fruits. Moreover, they are known for their flavor enhancing property, medicinal value a well as cholesterol free food. However, Mushroom production in Ethiopia is still less known due to multiple problems which include high input cost, lack of quality of spawn, lack of proper production skill, and lack of information on substrates. In view of this, the experiment was conducted at Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science during 2013/14 Cropping years with the objectives of evaluating different organic substrates and pasteurized methods on Pleurotus ostreatus yield, biological efficiencies and nutritional values. Factorial combination of seven substrates (Dried faba bean stalk, Maize Stalk, Wheat straw, Teff straw, Eucalyptus Sawdust, Wheat straw + Teff straw+ Faba bean stalk and Saw dust + Faba bean stalk ) and two pasteurization methods (Cold water treatment and Hot water ) were used.

A rapid assessment on the livestock feed resource availability and livestock production system was undertaken to identify main livestock production constraints and come up with possible intervention strategies in the Melka watershed area of the Nile basin. The watershed was chosen for its strategic representation and accessibility. Three villages (Abeyi, Bore’a and Dini) were selected for the study from Melka watershed area of Jeldu district. A total of 45 participants were selected from the three villages for the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and individual interviews. The FEAST excel macro program (www.ilri.org/feast) was used for data summary and analysis. Livestock production in the study area is mainly based on production of indigenous livestock breeds, with the exception of Bore’a village, where some farmers keep crossbred dairy cattle. Livestock serve as sources of draught power and manure for crop production, and sources of meat, milk and eggs and as sources of cash income. However, the productivity level of the livestock resources was indicated to be very low.

The study showed that multipurpose, production, marketing, thrift and savings agricultural cooperatives societies exist in Ivo Local Government, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. These cooperative source their finance from monthly dues, levies and fines and others. The cooperatives have greatly contributed to agricultural development in Ivo Local Government Area by provision of cash to small-holder farmers, processing, marketing and group management. However, there exist certain problems confronting the agricultural cooperatives from their expected roles and they include inadequate staff or personnel, low income and poor government interventions. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the agricultural cooperative societies in Ivo Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria have contributed to rural and agricultural development despite the identified constraints.

In recent years, a number of Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) devices have been proposed for better utilization and enhancing the power transfer capability of existing power transmission network. There are several conventional methods to improve the voltage profile and annual savings, but FACTS devices are shown better results to improve transmission line performance such as power profile and annual savings. The ability to enhance power transfers lead to their applications in a multi machine power system for the purpose of an overall reduction in power generation cost, compared to others. This paper focus on the evolution of economic viability for reducing generation cost using FACTS devices. The most and versatile FACTS devices, such as Static Var Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) are used to improve transmission capacity of the system. The devices are incorporated in the system by the Optimal Power Flow method and Genetic Algorithm based optimization technique. The proposed methods are tested on IEEE-57 bus system and the corresponding test results are compared with conventional method.

This paper presents calculations for the failure modes for I-section Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) beams with single mid-span web brace. Theoretical predictions are made using ASCE-LFRD Pre-Standard for FRP structures. For the member length considered, it is found that for small and medium I-sections the failure mode is governed by lateral-torsional buckling and for bigger I-sections the failure mode is governed by material rupture. The outcome of the predicted lateral-torsional buckling mode is compared with that observed experimentally.

The study showed the significant efficacy of foliar application of macro and micronutrients along with the soil test crop responses on all the parameters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Among nine treatments under study, treatment T9 (STCR approach + Foliar spray of NPK @ 1% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + FeSO4 @ 0.5% and B @ 0.2% ) recorded maximum height of plants (191.7cm), number of leaves per plant (22.17), leaf area (17.32 dm2), stem girth (9.97 cm), minimum days to flowering (54), head diameter (28.14 cm) and total dry matter accumulation (108.07 g plant-1) followed by the treatment T3: STCR approach (Yield target: 25 q/ha) and T8: Soil test based NPK (STL) + Foliar spray of NPK @ 1% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + FeSO4 @ 0.5% and B @ 0.2%. The stem girth (9.97 cm) was found maximum in T9 followed by the treatment T3. Maximum gross returns (Rs. 65,257 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 42,105 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.82) was found with T9 (STCR approach + Foliar spray of NPK @ 1% + ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + FeSO4 @ 0.5% and B @ 0.2%).

Dialkylated methylimidazolium halide salts are a current research topic. The 1- octanol/water partition coeffcient for these salts has come to signify the tendency of a charged organic molecule to cross a biological membrane, be sequested in soil, and indicate the lethal dose of the chemical. The purpose of this work is to add to existing data for the 1-octanol/water partition coeffcient for these salts. The novelty of this work is that dialkylated methylimidazolium salts are investigated.

Marital satisfaction is a mental state that portrays the person’s perceived benefits and costs in ones marital relationship and has been an important area of inquiry and intervention for many researchers and practitioners. The primary quest of this empirical endeavor is determining the level of marital dissatisfaction, the coping mechanisms and its relationship with divorce in the study area. To address the desired objectives, 240 married couples were surveyed and the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale to measure marital satisfaction was used as a major instrument. Key informant interview was used to collect qualitative data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analysis the quantitative data. Results indicated sizable numbers of couples are dissatisfied in their marital relationship in one way or another. In addition, it’s understood that marital dissatisfaction is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the occurrence of divorce. Though couples try to negotiate among themselves to settle their marital discontent, the majority preferred the advisory of elders. Diverting the adverse effects of polygamous marriage, teaching and devising various family planning programs and introducing family and marriage counsellors in the area are highly recommended.