To develop effective approaches for biotechnological propagation of saffron(Crocus sativus L.)in vitro methods for the induction of morphogenesis and organogenesis were used. Factors influencing morphogenesis and organogenesis of saffron were considered. By using a temperature gradient under in vitro conditions was obtained de novo from 10 to 25 microcorms. Some issues related to biotechnology of saffron were elucidated. The effect of the temperature factor and gibberellin on the efficiency of callus formation and morphogenesis in vitrowerediscussed. The methodical approaches to increase the efficiency of morphogenesis and organogenesis of Crocus sativus L. in in vitro conditions were offered.

This study was focused on investigating factors associated for people’s reliance on informal financing methods by Sri Lankans with special reference to rural community in Rathnapura District. To achieve the objectives of the study, data was collected through survey questionnaire from a sample of 250 respondents and data was analysed using Chi – Square test. The results of the research show that there is a significant association between educational level, occupation, income level, financial behavior, personal financial attitudes, financial literacy, trust and reliability on reliance on informal finance. In addition the results showed that people highly depend on informal finance and most preferable financing source is loan from family/friends.

In this paper, highest state-of-the-art binary image Steganographic approach considers the spinning misinterpretation according to the personal visual structure, which will be not secure when they are attacked by Steganalyzers. In this paper, a binary image Steganographic scheme that aims to reduce the hiding misinterpretation on the balance is presented. We excerpt the complement, turn, and following-invariant local balance arrangement from the binary image first. The weighted sum of Complement, Turn, And Following-Invariant Local Balance changes when spinning one pixel is then employed to allot the spinning misinterpretation corresponding to that pixel. By examining on both simple binary images and the composed image constructed message set, we show that the advanced appraisal can well describe the misinterpretations on both visual aspect and statistics. Based on the proposed measurement, a practical Steganographic scheme is developed

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the erosion of traditional management systems in universities including collegiality, academic freedom, shared governance, and academic tenure and to illustrate how those unique features of higher education were substituted by new management concepts like productivity, revenues, employment flexibility, moderate evaluation of students, pedagogical issues and many others. This paper identifies the characteristics of traditional management university systems, then and based on secondary data illustrates the changes in the higher education context, which were caused by the increase in the number of students and the decrease of public funds that had a great impact on the management systems of the university and led to the erosion of the collegial model including the loss of some if not a large part of academic freedom, professional autonomy, and academic tenure in many cases.

Both the optimization and equilibrium principles turn out to be more akin to common sense than to science. They have been postulated as describing markets, but lack the required empirical underpinning. Optimization is not a magic cure. In order to particularly circumvent some of the technical obstacles for a control problem , it turns out to be practically effective to reduce the system dynamics to a system of ordinary differential equations of considerably higher dimension, Such an approach might replace a theoretical difficulty by a greatly increased computational problem.

In Software Engineering, an important activity is measuring of the Software in different ways. For Measuring the Software, appropriate metrics are needed. Using Software metrics we are able to attain the various qualitative and quantitative aspects of Software. To measure the Software in terms of quality, size, efforts, efficiency, and reliability, performance etc. we have different metrics available in Software Engineering and it has been an area of interest for the various researchers. Measures of specific attributes of the process, project and product are used to compute Software metrics. This work proposes a similar approach of measuring software using various UML diagrams and applied Software size metric to evaluate the size of the Software. This paper discusses the proposed approach using two different case studies and their source codes. This paper discusses the different results obtained using different perspectives of the Software size metric measurements and maintainability of the Software.

Every government has been earnestly focusing and spent a lot of money for Road and infrastructure, developing establishment in national budget as prime concern since the historic inception of Bangladesh. Human resources development initiatives was always in back-end thought provocation that never get a strong focus instead some monetary allocations. The national budget FY’2015-16 have been extensively focused on investing in developing human resources of the country as one of the most important elements towards future. This is the first time ever in the budget history of Bangladesh where the government conceptualize the need and priority of developing human resources to align with millennium development goal (MDG), make the country economically sound through creating, retaining the dynamic, productive human resources as key emphasis.

MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a very promising technology providing high throughput and range without additional bandwidth or transmit power by using many antennas at transmitter and receiver eliminating Inter-Symbol- Interference (ISI).The capacities of MIMO-OFDM systems can be fully utilized by low complex and optimal signal detection scheme. The receiver’s detector is supposed to maximize the Signal to interference plus noise (SINR) by cancelling the spatial interference and should separate the transmitted signals. Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detector is near optimal and less complex. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed using MMSE under flat and frequency selective Rayleigh channel environment, different number of antenna configurations and various modulation techniques to provide an optimum solution.

Spectrum scarcity is one of the major challenges that the present world is facing. The efficient use of existing licensed spectrum is becoming most critical as growing demand of the radio spectrum. Different researches show that the use of licensed are not utilized inefficiently. It has been also shown that primary user does not use more than 60% of the licensed frequency band most of the time. There is need to find the techniques that can efficiently utilize the under-utilized licensed spectrum. One of the approaches is the use of “Cognitive Radio”. This allows the radio to learn from its environment, changing certain parameters. Based on this knowledge the radio can dynamically exploit the spectrum holes in the licensed band of the spectrum. This paper focuses on the performance of spectrum allocation technique, based on popular meta-heuristics Genetics Algorithm. Analyzing the performance of this technique using Matlab achieves mean fitness of 9.41. It provides fittest channels to the cognitive user on the basis of four priority parameters (genes) viz frequency, power, BER and modulation.

Com o objetivo principal de conhecer como se constituem os sentidos em comunidades amazônicas, as percepções dos sujeitos e suas representações sociais sobre a importância, o uso e a preservação da água, fez-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, sob o quadro teórico da abordagem da Geografia Cultural, em sua vertente fenomenológica, cuja interface permeou a Geografia Sociocultural. O recorte espacial deste estudo são 06 (seis) comunidades inseridas em duas cidades do Estado de Rondônia: Porto Velho e Guajará-Mirim. Na condução das entrevistas e análise das narrativas, utilizou-se o método da Grounded Theory, com auxílio do ATLAS/ti, com a elaboração de mapas mentais e sua compreensão por meio da metodologia Kozel.Na totalidade deste estudo, foi possível observar os sentidos dessas comunidades em relação à água e as conexões entre os fenômenos sociais e as problemáticas que as cercam.