This study examines the impact of revenue from oil proceeds and disaggregated government spending on poverty rate in Nigeria. Different econometrics tests i.e. pre-estimation test, estimation techniques and diagnostic tests such as Augmented Dickey Fuller, Engel- Granger co-integration, Ordinary Least squares and Granger causality were analysed using the data sets within the period of 1970 and 2013. Empirical result disclosed that gross domestic product and revenue from oil proceeds exert negative effect on poverty rate in Nigeria during the reviewed period. This revealed that oil proceeds being the main revenue source in Nigeria have greater impact in ensuring equal distribution of income as a means of reducing poverty level among her citizens. Painstakingly, these proceeds are not channelled into right directions with regards to government spending on capital projects and recurrent expenditure. This further exacerbates the poverty level in Nigeria.

The present study deals with the evaluation of the relationship between auditing quality and the profitability in the companies accepted in Tehran’s securities exchange market. To determine the auditing quality there has been made use of two scales of auditor size (DeAngelo, L.E., 1981) and the auditor’s tenure period (Myers, J.N., Myers, L.A. & Omer, T.C., 2003). The total number of 52 companies accepted in Tehran’s securities exchange market has been surveyed. The study findings show that generally there is a positive and weak relationship between the auditor size (auditor’s good fame) and the auditor’s tenure period and the profitability ratios. To survey the auditor’s size the member auditing institutions of the formal accountant society are regarded as small auditing firms and accounting organization due to the great many staff members working in it and also due to their long working history is considered as the big auditing institution.

Workers, including oil company workers are advised to plan for their exit from their employing firms or establishments to avoid been driven below poverty line after retirement. There is also advocacy for people to invest in agriculture by state and federal governments. This study therefore examined the level of interest in agricultural investment among oil company workers in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, in their post-retirement engagement plans. From among the workers in the oil companies operating in the study area, 232 respondents were selected and data were elicited from them with the use of questionnaire. The data were treated with the application of descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis. The level of interest in agricultural investment among the oil company workers is low (31.03%) just as most of them had 11-15 years left to be in service and most (68.53%) of them planned to remain in urban settlements after retirement. Those who planned to engage in farming gave reasons such as interest, ready market, contacts with farmers and extension agents, state of world oil market and government advocacy as the propelling factors. Their level of preparedness was influenced inversely by the number of years they had left to be in service (r = 0.886). It is recommended that extension agencies should organize training programmes for them at intervals to enhance their entrepreneurial and technical skills in agriculture. This set of people should be made opinion leaders on getting back to their villages. Other workers who had not indicated interest in agricultural investment after retirement should be persuaded to develop interest in agriculture.

The provision of affordable housing is a challenge in Ethiopia which is urbanizing fast. Hence, integrated housing development program is being undertaken on affording house to lower and middle income as one objective. This study, therefore, was conducted to forward strategies to increase affordability of publically built houses particularly Dessie town condominium houses to lower and middle income groups. Data were collected randomly from 550 respondents who have condominium house and who don’t have yet but wants to acquire it. The condominium house form of installment payments are the most constraint factor for the households to purchase a condominium house. Actions in all those constraints increase affordability of condominium houses to lower and middle income group.

This paper presents atoms and molecules incorporating hydrogen at ultra-low energy levels as a strong candidate for Dark Matter. The existence of electrons at these energy levels can be demonstrated by changing the interpretation of triplet production. The radius of this undiscovered hydrogen atom is extremely small. The radius is about 1.331×10-5 the radius of an ordinary hydrogen atom in the 1s state. If many of these atoms or molecules are collected together, a state with extremely high density will be realized. This paper predicts that, in addition to such hydrogen, diverse types of atoms and various types of molecules comprised of diverse types of atoms, can also be candidates for Dark Matter.

In this paper, we study the locally stability, global stability, the periodicity and the boundedness of the positive solutions of the following nonlinear difference equationwhere the coefficients and are positive real number and are positive integers. The initial conditions are arbitrary positive real numbers such that .

In recent years, more women are getting married and starting a family at an older age.Advanced maternal age (AMA) is defined as age 35 years or more for the mother. This group has beenobserved to have a high risk of chromosomal abnormalities in their embryos during pregnancy becausethe quality of oocytes correlate with maternal age and corresponding reproductive clinical outcomes (1).In 2013, Harton et al. reported that higher maternal age appears to be associated with increased risk ofaneuploidy in embryos :<35 yrs (53.1%), 35-37 yrs (68.2%), 38-40 yrs (73.7%), 41-42 yrs (85.8%), >42 yrs(92.6%) from 451 blastomeres and <35 yrs (31.7%), 35-37 yrs (44.2%), 38-40 yrs (43.1%), 41-42 yrs(76.3%), >42 yrs (84.8%) from 462 blastocysts (2). Moreover, Menken et al. reported on the effects ofmaternal age on fertility with a decrease in birth rates when maternal age is >/= 35 yrs(3). For thisreason, assisted reproductive technology (ART) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS)can be helpto infertile couples and patients at high risk of there being chromosome abnormalities in the embryo. PGSis the technology used for screening chromosome abnormalities to selectively transfer euploid embryos inIVF. Patients using PGS have a higher implantation rate and pregnancy rate compared to those usingmorphological assessment ofembryos alone (4–10).

We report a sensitive electrochemical voltammetric method for analyzing p- Aminophenol, using a Natural phosphate (NP) modified carbon paste electrode NP-CPE, in Na2SO4, solution. Operational parameters have been optimized, and the stripping voltammetric performance has been studied using square wave voltammetry. The use of Moringa oleifera as natural chelating agent gave a significant improvement in the depollution of contaminated water sample.

Recent advancement and grown up technologies has enabled the development and implementation of low-cost, energy efficient and versatile sensor networks. Sensor networks are built up with sensors that have the ability to sense physical or environmental property. Assumption can be made that Wireless Sensing Network (WSN) is able to sense environmental conditions at Nano and gaseous level. This architecture of Wireless Sensor Network is maintained by a sub-layer named Medium Access Control Layer that provides addressing and channel access control mechanism among multiple nodes of the network and makes these nodes capable to communicate with other nodes through a shared medium. The hardware that implements the MAC is referred to as a medium access controller. This paper finds the problems in selection of cluster nodes and transmitting data and also proposes an improved MAC protocol to minimize the problem.

Information technology is surprisingly influenced our daily routines; but side by side it also generate many questions on the health issues. Inconsistent and uneven IT utilization is very significantly related to many psychological problems including the issues of stress as well. Though in Pakistani culture concerns related to IT were not counted into serious considerations, the following study was aimed to investigate the association between IT consumption and stress among the Pakistani youth. 200 participants age ranged between16-24 has been conveniently selected from 4 different cities of Pakistan. A demographic information questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) was used for data collection. Hypothesis of the study was that high use of IT will lead to higher stress level in Pakistani youth. The results of the study also support the hypothesis significantly and previous literature also incorporates with the existing results.