Offenders resides in prison faces many problems. Isolation from the families, overcrowding in prison, guilt, and stigmatization are main causes of deterioration in mental health of prisoners. Present study intends to assess mental health problem in two groups of convicted criminals: murderers and rapists in terms of depression anxiety and stress. Based on purposive sampling technique, 72 convicted criminals were selected from Birsa Munda Central Jail Hotwar, Ranchi, India. Both the groups of criminals were matched on various socio-demographic parameters such as: gender, age, education, religion, marital status, residence and occupation. All participants were assessed on Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS. Obtained responses were scored by using standard scoring procedures and subsequently statistically analyzed by using Chi-square test. In present study rapists group have shown significant difference on scale of depression in comparison to murderer’s group. Whereas there were no significant differences found between both the groups on level of anxiety and stress. Mental health problems were found prevalent in both the groups but more prominent in rapist’s group. Rapists group have shown more symptoms and severity of depression, anxiety and stress than the murderers group in present study.

This paper is focus on the impact of Fair trade-certified coffee and the impact of the broader social movement termed Fair Trade. Many of the studies focus on the outcomes (e.g. higher incomes, or new skills) or livelihood impacts. In this paper different dimension of Fair trade impact including: economic, quality of life/wellbeing, social, empowerment and environmental impacts are explored.

This study investigated the factor responsible for poultry production in the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and applying the FAO categories of poultry farm production for the Northern Nigeria: 55.6% of Household free-range (HHFR) farms (<200 birds) produced at 67.7%, 58.6% of Backyard commercial (BYC) farms (200-4,999) produced at 56%, 52.7% of Medium-scale commercial (MSC) farms (5,000-19,999) produced at 51.5% and 32.6% of Large-scale commercial (LSC) farms (with ≥20,000 birds) produced at 23.7%. In the South: 44.4% of Household free-range (HHFR) farms (<200 birds) produced at 32.3%, 41.4% of Backyard commercial (BYC) farms (200-4,999) produced at 44%, 47.3% of Medium-scale commercial (MSC) farms (5,000-19,999) produced at 48.5% and 67.4% of Large-scale commercial (LSC) farms (with ≥20,000 birds) produced at 76.3%. Agro-ecological production distribution showed Arid/Semi-Arid (14.2%), Derived Savanna (38.7%), Humid Forest (28.5%), MidAltitude (9.9%), Northern Guinea Savanna (6.3%) and Southern Guinea Savanna (2.4%).

La dégénérescence d’un kyste dermoide est une complication rare 1% à 2 %, aucunsigne clinique, radiologique ou biologique n’est spécifique, survient habituellement en periménopause, le traitement est chirurgical et analogue à celui des tumeurs épithéliales de l’ovaire.Le pronostic dépend du grade, de l’invasion vasculaire, de l’effraction de la capsule ovarienne ainsi que du type histologique .Nous rapportons un cas d’un carcinome épidermoïde de l’ovairedéveloppé sur un tératome mature kystique chez une patiente ménopausée.

Recently, the Rijndael algorithm has been uniform by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This makes AES a vital and necessary data-protection mechanism for federal agencies in the US and other countries. In AES, rotation occurs in key expansion, ciphering, and deciphering. Rotation is vital for confusion and diffusion, which play an important role in any cryptography technique. Confusion and diffusion make breaking the key complex and difficult. This paper studies the effect of reconfiguring the structure of AES, especially replacing constant rotation with variable rotation. The resulting producing another cipher is called Dynamic Rotation for Advanced Encryption Standard (DRAES). DRAES with variable rotation raises the complexity of the algorithm, and thus, increases the time consumed for brute-force attacks. We measured the diffusion of AES and DRAES algorithms. DRAES reached acceptable level of diffusion faster than AES.

In the last few decades, the world has become more linked owing to the increased intensity of globalisation across regions. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) has become relatively more integrated into global economy most especially in terms of capital and financial flow (foreign direct investment increased from 0.3% in 1980-84 to 2.74% in 2000 - 2012). Over the same period, the quality of life in terms of the proportion of SSA people that have access to basic necessities improved marginally (from 49% in 1980-1990 to 53% in 2000-2012 for water, 61% in 1980-1990 to 62% in 2000-2012 for health care services). The endogeneous growth theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. Financial flow is captured by the foreign investment while the capital flow is proxied by the Portfolio investment. The human welfare was proxied by human development index, (HDI-a composite of three indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean year of schooling and income per head), access to basic necessities such as water, sanitation and health services were also used as alternative measure of human welfare while Governance index (GI) was considered as a control variable which stimulates globalisation and human welfare. The feasible Generalised Least Square (GLS) estimator was utilised to estimate the fixed and random effect panel regression models. Hausman test was used to determine the efficient estimator between fixed and random effects. All estimated coefficients were estimated at 1% level of significance. The panel consisted of sixteen countries selected from the four regional groups in SSA. The results revealed that foreign direct investment significantly increased HDI (0.59), infant mortality rate (-2.19), life expectancy (0.32), mean year of schooling (0.01), access to water (0.68) access to sanitation (0.27), and access to health services (0.54). The Portfolio investment was found to influence HDI access to health services and life expectancy at birth negatively but improved access

Methods: 80 patients were included in this study, who were diagnosed with carcinoma breast and underwent surgery followed by receptor status analysis. This is a retrospective study wherein the receptor status of these patients were analysed to assess the incidence and type of receptor involved. Receptors studied include ER, PR and Her 2neu. Result: from the above study it was concluded that, the percentage of patients with ER+/PR+ were 41.3%, ER+/PR-were 1.3%, ER-/PR+ were 1.3%, ER-/PR- were 53.8% and percentage of Her2neu positive were 8.8% while Her2neu negative were 91.3%. Percentage of patients with triple negative receptor status was 62.5%. Conclusion: from this study it can be concluded that most patients presenting to our hospital have ER, PR and Her 2neu NEGATIVE STATUS which has a poor prognosis and high mortality.

Studies have shown that CD1 double negative mice (CD1d-/-) develop larger liver abscesses due to their inability to present amebic antigens to NK T lymphocytes. Therefore, we conducted flow cytometry studies to determine the frequency of NK T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T and B lymphocytes in mice with amebic colitis. The frequency of NK T, CD8+ T and B lymphocytes was reduced in the MLN of mice in the CTRL-CD1-/- and Eh-CD1-/- groups compared to the CTRL-WT and Eh-WT groups. There was also a significant decrease in the frequency of B lymphocytes in the spleens of the animals in the Eh-WT group when compared with the CTRL-CD1-/-, Eh- CD1-/- and CTRL-WT groups. The results of the flow cytometry analysis highlight the importance of NK T lymphocytes in the immune response of mice to amebic intestinal infection and the importance of CD1 molecules in the activation of T and B lymphocytes.

This study examines effect of leverage on labor costs there by testing predictions of Titman (1984) and Berk, Stanton and Zechner (2010). The study covers period 2009 to 2013 for which firm level data of 84 non financial companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange selected on the basis of data availability were examined using ordinary least square regression. Leverage is measured by debt to equity ratio of firm while labor costs considered as labor intensity are the total of salaries expense of the firm divided by total assets of firm. Influence of controlled variable like size of firm, Market to Book ratio, Physical capital intensity and Earning of firm per Asset is also investigated. Results reveal that in overall analysis leverage does not impact labor costs’ thereby stating that prediction of Titman (1984) and Berk, Stanton and Zechner (2010) are not applicable in Pakistani context because of the unemployment conditions, ownership structure and level of corporate governance in the country.

This study is aimed at evaluating the financial performance of the banking sectors in Ethiopia with a special focus on Zemen Bank S.C. for the period 2009 to 2014. To meet the objective of the study, secondary sources of data, such as annual reports of the bank have been utilized. After collecting the necessary data, appropriate financial ratios and descriptive statistical techniques were employed for analyzing, interpreting and giving a condensed picture of the collected data. Accordingly, the results of the study revealed that the financial performance of the bank had kept on improving, if not fluctuating over time. Besides, the bank has performed well in profit earning and efficiently managing its assets for generating revenue, whereas there is a need for improvement in its much dependence on outside financing and the high proportion of nonperforming loans.