Conventional estimation methods on analyzing gender pay gap focus on comparing the earnings premium and gender inequality from the view of mean earnings distribution, highlighting human capital factors (e.g. education attainment, career training). However, mean distribution analysis do not reflect the whole perspective of gender earnings. Therefore, in our study, we adopt quantile regression estimation method to measure the impact of human capital (e.g. returns to education) and other social characteristics factors on wage. In addition, Melly2006 wage decomposition method is employed to reveal the pattern of gender earnings gap through overall distributions. We verified the evidence of ‘glass ceiling effect’ phenomenon in Korean labor market. The finds of our study also imply the female’s returns to education are higher than male, and the magnitude is even higher for upper earnings distribution. Furthermore, the estimation results of conditional and unconditional quantile regression present the differential of human capital variables occupy a big part of the explanatory on gender wage gap.

This paper is intended as an advocacy for a more pragmatic approach to employment relations particularly within the public sector. To do this, the paper uses the recent problems surrounding the issue of essential services in Botswana as a context. The paper acknowledges that such an exercise calls for an objective appreciation of the state as an employer, a prime mover in employment relations and the institution in control of both legislative authority and political power. The paper also recognises the apparently unfettered discretionary authority reposed in the upper echelons of the public bureaucracy not only to implement policies and laws but also to make rules and purport to apply such rules in a quasi-judicial manner. Furthermore, the paper also asserts that the impact of the actions of all these adjuncts of the state machinery on worker formations and their members including those employed in ”essential services” has not been mutually beneficial. The paper notes that, where the state appears to be weakening, the agencies created, including the coercive institutionalised structures, take over the functions of both the Executive and the Legislature.1 An undesirable consequence of the state being held captive by these agencies in the field would be the deleterious impact on several spheres of social interaction. These issues are discussed within the framework of labour law. To do this, the paper attempts to define the relationship between public service workers and the state as the employer. These issues are tested within the context of how “essential services” are determined. The paper concludes that the modalities by which workplace phenomena, such as “essential services” are prescribed will determine the sustainability of deliberative social partnering. In default, legislation and coercive authority will both be inefficient and ineffective simply because the legitimizing constituency will always be the final arbiter.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2011. The multivariate analysis exposed significant associations by postmortem examination: age >4 years (P= 0.000, OR= 18.5, 95% CI= 3.1, 21.7), foreign breed (P= 0.000, OR= 77.6, 95% CI= 9.3, 81.6), light weight (P= 0.000, OR= 3.0, 95% CI= 1.9, 5.3), Ethiopian cattle (P= 0.000, OR= 76.1. 95% CI= 8.4, 83.7) and small size (P= 0.000, OR= 3.1, 95%CI= 1.9, 5.3). while, the coprology demonstrated significant associations among: age >4 years (P= 0.000, OR= 28.8, 95% CI= 3.9, 34.2), foreign breed (P= 0.000, OR= 94.4, 95% CI= 13.2, 102.6), light weight (P= 0.000, OR= 53.4, 95% CI= 7.1, 61.3), Ethiopian cattle (P= 0.000, OR= 60.2, 95% CI= 8.3, 70.1) and small size (P= 0.000, OR= 54.9, 95% CI= 6.3, 63.8). A higher prevalence was recorded by postmortem examination (X²= 1.669, P= 0.000). This study determined the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis.

In this article, we employ - expansion method for the generalized Hirota - Satsuma couple KdV system to find the exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters with the aid of Maple 16. When these parameters are taken special values, the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions. It is shown that the - expansion method provides an effective and a more powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics. Comparison between our results and the well-known results will be presented.

Elliptic curve cryptography or ECC is a public-key cryptosystem. This paper introduces ECC and describes its present applications. A mathematical background is given initially. Then its’ major cryptographic uses are given. These include its’ use in encryption, key sharing and digital signatures. The security of these ECC-based cryptosystems are discussed. It was found that ECC was well suited for low-power and resource constrained devices because of its’ small key size.

Collaborative cloud computing involves providing cloud services on globally distributed resources belonging to different organizations in a cooperative manner. Resource management and allocation in Collaborative Cloud is challenging because of the heterogeneity of the resources. The other challenge is guaranteeing the Quality of Service (QOS) and availability of these resources. Users’ resource demands have to be managed properly to ensure acceptable QOS. In this paper, we propose a method for effective management and allocation of resources using machine learning and using multi attribute tuning. The method has been simulated in cloud-sim as well as implemented on Amazon work space and results show that the proposed method performs better than reputation based algorithms.

The study critically investigates the effect of balance of payments deficit and monetary policy on the economic growth of Nigeria between 1980 and 2013 using dynamic econometric model. The variables used in formulating the econometric model were selected from the study of Kallon (1994) within the general framework of Thirlwall and Hussain (1982). The model balance of payments as a percentage share of gross domestic product ( BOP Y ), first lag of balance of payments as a percentage share of gross domestic product (( ) t−1 ), exchange rate of naira via-a-vis U.S dollar (ER), log of broad money supply (lnMS), and monetary policy rate (INT), in Nigeria during the review period. While, economic growth is proxied by real gross domestic product growth as the regress and. The result indicated that there is long-run relationship between balance of payments, monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria. Also, balance of payments and monetary policy variables were found to be growth enhancing during the reviewed period. However, emanating from the empirical findings, proper policy recommendations were proffered.

Kusumandari, et al. 2015. Character Education Development Model-Based E-Learning and Multiple Intelegency In Childhood In Central Java. Competitive Research Grant. Faculty of Education. Semarang State University.

Galagan (2010) emphasized the role of social media at workplace, “whether we like it or not, whether we use it or not, social media is changing the way we work”. Modern workplace is characterized by changing technology and subsequently the different behavioral pattern of the employees. After reviewing the available reports and researches it is clear that social media is an effective strategic business tool but the hazards it portrays at workplace cannot be ignored. This research paper aims to put forward the risks and drawbacks of social media at workplace. It would also provide an insight to the HR professionals on how to avoid the risks involved with the use of social media.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a wide term that refers to all computer-based advanced technologies for managing and communicating information. ICT is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application including radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, and satellite systems, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning. ICT is often considered to be a general purpose technology, much like steam and electricity in earlier eras that has broad economic impact through multiple applications. ICT is broader than Information Technology (IT) which is defined as “the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware” (Information Technology Association of America, 2008).