The former socialist/ communist rule kept Romania almost isolated from the Western World during about half a century (1945-1989). All about 7000 Romanian former state-owned companies (which were operational at the end of 1989) were obliged, by Law, starting the years ‘60, to organize their own so-called “CTC (Technical Quality Control) Department”, in order to only inspect the quality of their products. In 1992, two years only after the fall of Ceausescu’s dictatorship, in Romania were published both the first Romanian edition of famous ISO 9001 standard (in 1987, when ISO published its first international issue, the former Romanian regime did not allow the translating of it in Romanian!) and the first Consumer Protection Act in Romania’s history.

Supply Chain Management Information System (SCMIS) in automobile industry has gained importance recently due to its ability to reduce cost and increase responsiveness in the supply chain. The system provides high quality, relevant and timely information that supports decision making. The implementation of this system is a complicated process with significant risk as huge amount of money and time is involved. A review of literature has revealed that the success in implementing SCMIS is not very encouraging. This study explored critical factors for the successful implementation of the system.

After World War II, and in particular during the 1960s and the 1970s, many developing countries began their industrial revolution path. In particular, most of them followed a path of government-led industrial development, with central planning at the heart of the industrial policy. Such a model is not new in economic history and it is typical of many ‘second-comers’ in the industrialization process. The most famous one is the case of Prussia/Germany: with the Zollverein (1833-34) and after the unification in 1870, it was the government which stimulated the development of a powerful heavy industrial system, following what was preached at the time by Friedrich List. In particular, the key point of List preaching was that second-comers countries need to protect their industrialization process (characterized by infant industries) from foreign competition. According to List, once the protected industries reach an adequate competitive level, protection should be removed and the national companies should face competition in the market, in order to stimulate further technological development. Many second-comers countries embraced this model; however, in most cases they failed to follow the second part of List’s recommendations: opening to the market in a second stage.

In this age of rapidly advancing technology, many governments around the world have spent a great deal of money on these tools, in order to increase the performance of their work. Therefore, the Jordanian government decided to implement information technology in public institutions. However, the picture is not clear about the perceptions of users towards this technology. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of decision-makers towards the use of this technology and its impact on access to information and the quality of decisionmaking.

Marriage over the years has served as the institution of social value and a symbol of maturity in the society. This was the case up to the eve of the coming of Christianity and western education. The situation however, changed after Christianity and western education took firm roots on African soil, leading to the erosion of Tiv traditional marriage in contemporary times. The introduction of monogamy (western form of marriage) has infiltrated Tiv traditional system of marriage to the extent that it now finds expression through elements proper to Tiv culture, transforming or remaking it to bring about a “new creation.” This paper sets out to examine the effect of Christian religious education on traditional marriage customs among the Tiv, North central Nigeria. The paper utilized qualitative approach which makes use of secondary sources and participant observation in collection and presentation of data. The paper observed that Tiv traditional marriage has experienced an infusion into Christianity due to the advent of western civilization in Nigeria. The paper recommends among others, that an infusion of Tiv traditional marriage into Christianity should be made to contextualize those practices that are not in line with the Christian oriented practices.

Th is study aims to investigate the usage of competitor accounting within the field of strategic management accounting (SMA) in the Jordanian manufacturing companies. It also aims to determine the extent to which competitor accounting influences competitive advantage of these companies. A survey on Jordanian manufacturing companies was conducted for data collection. A total of 88 questionnaires were distributed to these companies. Out of this number 62 were returned. The response rate was about 70.5%. Descriptive statistics showed that Jordanian manufacturing companies have good positions of competitive advantages compared to the competitors. One-sample t-test showed that all of competitors accounting techniques were used by Jordanian manufacturing companies. The results of multiple regressions showed that these techniques contribute significantly and explain a high percentage of variation in the competitive advantages of Jordanian manufacturing companies.

Purpose: To evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of dual lumen balloonmicrocatheter Onyx embolization in peripheral interventions. Material and methods: Between January 2013 and September 2014 , seven patientsunderwent Onyx embolization through a double lumen balloon microcatheter. Onyxwas injected as solely agent in three patients with chronic hemoptysis, two patients with life threatening organ bleeding and one with a rejected kidney graft. In one patient with a liver arterioportal fistula, a combination of coils and onyx was used through the same system. In addition to this technical implementation, we also describe three cases where an anchoring tecnhique were used in tortuous arterial anatomies in order to place micro and guide catheters in a stable position.Results: All the Onyx embolizations were completed and well tolerated. During the Onyx embolization, no reflux was noted and inmediate forward flow was identified. Technical success was 100%. The clinical outcome of the patients was satisfactory with no (peri/postprocedural) complications Conclusion: Double-lumen balloon microcatheter Onyx embolization is feasible and safe in peripheral interventions, lowering the potential complications related to reflux or Onyx migration.

Though flexible manufacturing systems have promised wide range of benefits but the implementation of FMS has fraught with difficulty as a result of which the implementation rate of FMS is much lower than has been expected. To bridge the gap efforts at global level are carried out widely in today’s global and informative world. In the progress, modelling plays a vital role in the design, planning, implementation and operation of FMSs. Models are used widely to provide insight into how the FMS system and its components interact. With time new optimization problems arises in FMS, thus new modelling methods and techniques and updation of the existing needs to be developed time to time. Since the publication of the first articles on the planning problems of FMS’s (Stecke Kathryn E. and Solberg James J., 1981)(Stecke, 1983b), much research has been devoted to the solution of these types of problems. The aim of this paper is to review the approaches to model FMS and the solution approaches. A review paper provides basis and direction for future research directions.

The study was conducted at peri-Addis Ababa districts of Oromia with the aim of assessing hygienic status, knowledge gap, constraints affecting production, marketing and consumption of milk. A total of 102 milk producing farmers at Holeta, Sebeta and Sululta districts, Informal merchant, collection centersdairy cooperative andretail centers at Addis Ababa were engaged by using multi-stage purposive sampling method.About 99% of participants in the areasmarket whole milk and 94% of the milk produced per households was sold. About 96.1 and 23% of the participants stated that milk production and marketing in areas maintain household food security and profitable farm activity respectively. The major challenges of milk production and marketing in the areas were; feed shortage, high feed cost, disease, shortage of land for grazing, and price fluctuation during fasting season, long term contract for milk marketing and milk quality, respectively. About 40% uses traditional flavoring agents and anti-microbial effect for cleaning milk transporting equipments. Channels of milk marketing involved in this area include direct sellers, milk collection centers, informal merchants, milk cooperative unions, hotels, dairy product processing plants and retail shops. However, majority of the participants brought their milk to the collection center and private dairy processing plantsAbout 68.6 % and 31.4% of the participants bring milk twice daily to collection center and private processing plant, respectively. About 98%, 97.1 and 94.15% of the participants in the study sites used plastic utensils for milking, storing before transportation and transporting milk Besides, lack of training for producers, lack of awareness on standard milk and milk product production and marketing, lack of aseptic milk handlingand use of traditional flavor plantson milk microbial load were major knowledge gap in the areas and milk available to the consumer in Addis Ababa via different supply cha

In Ethiopia, feed industries are widely using limestone as a cheap source of Ca without considering the source variability’s and the amount of other minerals without adequate information on the bioavailability of its Ca content and the presence of other toxic minerals. This being the case, the present study was conducted to determine the iron, Manganese and copper content of samples of limestone , marble powder and gypsum collected from different parts of Ethiopia. Adequate quantities of lime stone, marble powder and gypsum were procured from different parts of Ethiopia and subjected to laboratory chemical analysis in triplicate. The results of this study clearly showed that the total ash content of all the materials analyzed in this study ranged between 81 and 99%, indicating the potential use of these materials (limestone, marble powder and gypsum) collected from different part of Ethiopia as supplementary mineral feed source in very small amounts. The samples of lime stone, marble powder and gypsum were procured from different parts of Ethiopia, which varied in Fe content (ppm) from 548.59 to 8238.67 with an average of 2797.69. These values were very high when compared to the Fe content of calcium Carbonate and Calcite powder samples (0.12 ± 0.00ppm). Also the, Mn content(ppm) from 9.92-262.08 with an average (91.02) These values were low when compared to the Mn content of calcium Carbonate and Calcite powder of previous work which was (233±2.33) and Cu contents(ppm) from 3.17-12.75 with an average (7.73 ppm) the samples analyzed were almost the same (8.00± 0.00ppm) with those of calcite powder and Ca carbonate of previous work Abegaze Beyene (2012). the values of the Fe is much higher ,Mn and Cu content is comparable with common animal feed in Ethiopia. In summary the results of this study showed that lime stone and marble powder widely available in different parts of Ethiopia seems to have potential value as Trace elements supplement for livestock feeding.