Energy is inevitable for development and its demand is increasing day by day. Energy is essential and important for human life. However, energy from fossil fuel (coals, diesel, kerosene, wood etc.) generates carbon, carbon dioxide emissions, green house emissions that pollute air, and destroy environment resulted global warming that’s harmful to living beings and nature. Hence energy scientists are looking for alternative energy resources uses that are environmentally friendly and good for human being. They are provoking for renewable energy (solar radiation energy, bio gas energy, wind energy, water wave energy, CNG energy and hydropower energy) use because PV technologies produce very small amount of CO2 compared to the emissions from conventional existing fossil fuel energy technologies. Therefore, renewable energy (RE) uses is less harmful to living beings and environment (air, water and land). This paper talks about fossil fuel energy and renewable energy use and their consequence and impact respectively in the nature and society. In the paper, the author incorporates his working experience with Grameen Shakti (GS) and the collected data from different RE implementing organizations in Bangladesh during his visit to Bangladesh in 2014-2015. The paper identifies different RE resources and different RE projects undertaken in the world particularly Bangladesh. The study explores RE resource utilization different business models, programs, and their benefits in Bangladesh. The study finds Bangladesh has developed a Government managed private apex organization named IDCOL (Infrastructure Development Company), which is involved in coordinating, counselling and financing to the RE implementing agencies in Bangladesh. The study discovers Grameen Shakti, a sister organization of Grameen Bank, is the largest RE implementing organization not only in Bangladesh, but also in the world. GS has developed a micro-utility RE financial model that has disseminated to the IDCOL p

Conducting research as basis to acquiring valid knowledge to promote professionalism in nursing requires use of conceptual framework (CF) to guide such studies. This study examined Nurse Educators’ (NE) utilization of CF in research during and after training in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to study a convenient sample of 84 subjects representing 36% of the target population of 231 NE in the two states. A 32-item validated questionnaire was used for data collection. While 77% of the respondents used CF during training, only 35% did so after training period. Utilization of CF in the sub-sections of the research was: Introduction (Mean=4.30; SD=1.30), Literature review (Mean=7.29;SD= 1.95), Methodology (Mean=3.62;SD=1.02) and Discussions (Mean=5.10; SD=1.51). Utilization of CF was mostly limited to literature review and very low after training period. Continuing education programmes should be used to improve knowledge and skills for application of CF in research.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hESC therapy on 22 patients with CVA. Materials and methods: The present study included patients with CVA and was conducted between 29 Dec 2004 and 03 Oct 2011 at a single site in New Delhi, India. The study consisted of six treatment phases (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6), each phase separated by a gap phase. Patients were evaluated for improvement on the basis of European Stroke Scale (ESS) at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. The ESS scores ranged from 0 (minimum score) to 100 (maximum score). Results: A total of 22 patients were included and all received intensive dosing with hESCs in T1. Eight patients returned for T2, 6 patients for T3, 4 patients for T4, and only 2 patients each for T5 and T6. Median ESS scores increased from baseline through all the treatment periods indicating improvement in the condition of patients. All affected patients showed an improvement in gait (22 patients); speech (15 patients); level of consciousness (2 patients); comprehension and gaze (1 patient each) by at least one point at the end of T6. In addition, patients showed improvement in walking, balance (sitting and standing), and spasticity after receiving hESC therapy. Overall, 11 patients (50%) experienced adverse events (AEs) during the study. No serious adverse events (SAEs) and deaths were reported. Conclusion: All the patients showed improved cognitive skills and regained their functional ability. No severe AEs or SAEs were reported during the study. hESC therapy was well tolerated among all the patients included in the study.

Software testability is coming out to be most frequent talked about subject then the underrated and unpopular quality factor it used to be in past few years. The correct and timely assessment of testability can lead to improvisation of software testing process. Though many researchers and quality controllers have proved its importance, but still the research has not gained much momentum in emphasizing the need of making testability analysis necessary during all software development phases. In this paper we review and analyse the factors affecting testability estimation of object oriented software systems during design and analysis phase of development life cycle. These factors are then linked together in the form of new assessment model for object oriented software testability. The proposed model will be evaluated using analytical hierarchical process (AHP).

The study identified the sustainable strategies for improving the feeding patterns of undergraduate students of Michael Okpara university of Agriculture, Umudike. The purpose of the study was to identify the feeding patterns adopted by the students and to identify the sustainable strategies for improving the feeding patterns of these students. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was made up of 14,779 students of the various colleges and levels. Data was collected using well structured questionnaire developed through an extensive literature review. Purposive random sampling techniques were used to select 389 respondents used for the study. Data were analyzed using means and percentages. Results showed that most of the students agreed that they skipped meals as a result of habit formed about foods and they obtain their foods from fast food centres.

Homelessness has been a central political topic in the United States for decades. Affordable housing shortages, substance abuse, deinstitutionalization, suboptimal social safety nets, and unemployment all contribute to homelessness. Research plays an important role in supplying valuable information to government agencies and nongovernmental organizations that provide services to this vulnerable population. In this study, two surveys were conduct in Los Angeles as part of the 2009 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count: i) a face-to-face survey that randomly sampled 3,073 adult homeless persons living on the streets or in shelters in Los Angeles; and ii) a telephone survey of 739 random adults living in Los Angeleshouseholds with landline telephone access. Comparisons between the two surveys revealed large discrepancies between public opinions on the causes of homelessness and the actual causes as reported by the homeless themselves. In this paper, we identify predictors among the general public that are likely to be linked with increased sympathy for the homeless as well as a willingness to help the homeless.

Gmelina arborea Roxb is a major income earner for the Government and people of Cross River State, Nigeria. In spite of the vast economic potential of this plant in Nigeria, very little pathological research had been done on diseases afflicting this valuable species. In view of this, a survey on mycoflora and diseases associated with G. arborea was carried out in major plantations in Oban and Awi in Akamkpa Local Government Area and Ovonum in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Twenty four plant stands were sampled in four sites per location. The plant stands were examined for various disease symptoms and the means of infection calculated in each location. Percentage frequencies (occurrence) were also determined using the means. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used for the experiment. A total of twenty fungi were isolated (root, bark, leaf, seed and soil) while five fungal diseases were identified in the field. The fungal isolates were: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Apodachlya pyrifera, Botroyodiplodia theobromae, Bouvularia sp, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Cercospora appi, Chalaropsis sp, Dacromyces deliquescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum sp, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium vermiculatum, Penicillium thomii, Phoma herbarum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Thielaviopsis brasicola, Trichoderma viride, Trichosporonoide oedocephalus and Graphium penicilliodes. The diseases were leaf spot, stem canker, die back, Butt and root rot and Damping off. Of the twenty fungal isolates, A. flavus occurred in all parts of the plant and the soil while others occurred in four or three parts. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all the isolated fungi were pathogenic on G. arborea.

The study was conducted to determine the In vitro dry matter digestibility and In sacco rumen dry matter degradability of Cenchrus ciliaris and Panicum maximum grown under irrigation at Gode, Somali region. 2 x 3 factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications were used. Treatments were three level of fertilizer application (0, 50, 100 kg ha-1 of urea) and two grass species, which make up six treatments. The IVDMD and IVOMD increased as a result of increased urea fertilization levels. Conversely the in sacco DMD was not significantly different. The addition of urea fertilizer with the grass species in the present study improved the digestibility of the forage grasses. It could be recommended that of Cenchrus ciliaris with urea fertilizer application of 50 and 100kg ha-1, because it has more digestibility than Panicum maximum, so that agro-pastoral farmers along the Wabi- Shabelle River could increase the livestock production and productivity.

Graphs are widely used in large scale social network analysis. Graph mining increasingly important in modelling complicated structures such as circuits, images, web, biological networks and social networks. The major problems occur in this graph mining are computational efficiency (CE) and frequent subgraph mining (FSM). Computational Efficiency describes the extent to which the time, effort or efficiency which use computing technology in information processing. Frequent Sub graph Mining is the mechanism of candidate generation without duplicates. FSM faces the problem on counting the instances of the patterns in the dataset and counting of instances for graphs. The main objective of this project is to address CE and FSM problems. The paper cited in the reference proposes an algorithm called Mirage algorithm to solve queries using subgraph mining. The proposed work focuses on enhancing An Iterative Map Reduce based Frequent Subgraph Mining Algorithm (MIRAGE) to consider optimum computational efficiency. The test data to be considered for this mining algorithm can be from any domains such as medical, text and social data’s (twitter). The major contributions are: an iterative MapReduce based frequent sub graph mining algorithm called MIRAGE used to address the frequent sub graph mining problem.

Now a days so many organization create and share the textual description of their products or service and action etc. it is contains for most amount collection of structured data and which is remains worried about unstructured the information, if data extraction structural relation by using algorithms facilitating, they are more cost and inaccurate information. When is working top of text, it does not is contains structural information. An anther approach to the generating of the structure of metadata by the identifying that documents, that is likely to contain information of interest. That data are going to be valuable for questioning information based used. These approaches based on the idea that humans are more likely to add the necessary metadata during generate the time. This process based on the collaborative adaptive data sharing platform[CADS] approach to query workload by up to 50 percent only visibility of document. So further probing algorithm with Bayesian approach technique was included, that can be improve the efficient of visibility of document or data with respect the query and content workload based on the more than 50 percent improve.