Phosphorus fixation, which is responsible for low availability of P, is one of the major problems of crop growth in acidic soils such as Nitisols. It is one of the most chronic problems for crop yield decline in Wujiraba watershed. Therefore, an incubation study was conducted for two months to investigate the effects of compost and S fertilizers on P desorption in strongly acid soils (pH/KCl 4.53) and low P content (Bray II P 4.8 mg kg-1). After air drying, grinding and passing through 2 mm sieve, 200 g of soil was placed to each pot. The experimental treatments included three rates of compost (0, 5 and 10 t compost ha-1) and S (0, 15 and 30 kg S ha-1) fertilizers were laid down in CRD with three replications. At the end of the incubation period, the analyzed data result revealed highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) difference in available P by interaction effects of compost and S fertilizers whereby the highest (22.8 mg kg-1) was recorded in pots treated with high dose of compost (10 kg compost ha-1) and nil S fertilizer rates which increased by 301% relative to the control. Unlike compost, S fertilizer amendment resulted in a decrease in available P but increase in exchangeable acidity and Al contents of the soil. Therefore, this work showed a decline in P fixation and exchangeable Al with the application of compost, which, is a cost effective measure on strongly acid soils that can benefit farmers cultivating soils which are deficient in available P nutrient.

In the developing countries four-fifth of all the illnesses are caused by water-borne diseases with diarrhoea leading to dehydration being the leading cause of childhood death. Cholera, typhoid fever and hepatitis A are caused by bacteria, and are among the most common diarrheal diseases. Other illnesses, such as dysentery, are caused by parasites that live in water contaminated by the feces of sick individuals. The most common manifestation and cause of mortality in water borne diseases were as result of dehydration due to loss of copious amounts of electrolytes either in vomiting or diarrhea. The research question for the study was: What knowledge do households in Bamendankwe village possess in the practice of the prevention of water-borne diseases and what measures are employed in the prevention of the occurrence of water-borne diseases?

Watamu coastlineis a major attraction site for tourist and also a source of income for the local people. However, the shoreline has been changing due to erosion. This study sought to find the trend of shoreline changes, and the factors attributed to the changes. Aerial photographs of 1969 and 1989 and a recent satellite image of 2010 wereused to digitize the shoreline.The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in ArcGIS environment was used to create transects and statistical analyses for the shoreline.Several GPS points were taken in October 2013 and 2014 during ground truthing following the High Water Mark (HWM). The 9.8 km long Watamu shoreline was divided in-to 245 transects with 40 meter spacing in order to calculate the change rates. The rates of shoreline change were calculated using the End Point Rate (EPR), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), and Weighted Linear Regression (WLR) statistic in DSAS.

Conflict is a form of competition between groups or individuals over incompatible goals, scarce resources, or power making sources to acquire them. In Asia, particularly in India and Pakistan, socio-cultural conflicts exist not only in villages but also urban areas where most of the time dominating biradaries involved in such conflict to sustain their power within the society. Present research is about grouping/alliance formation and its relation with village conflicts in District Lodhran of Punjab- Pakistan. Biradaries/caste’s are observed as the key determinant of such alliance formation. Data of 153 respondents show that biradari plays a key role to develop influences leading to separate groups and factions. Biradari with 66.67% percentile emerged as the major cause behind power group formation, politics with 27.45% percent and religion with 5.88 percent. The Biradari system is very strong in the area, with people mostly living in joint family systems thus the groups formed are also influenced by the biradaries. Main causes of rural conflicts were; women issue, land conflicts, biradari concerns and honor.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the preoperative USG finding can predict the difficulty during the laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its conversion. 500 patients undergoing Laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Sawai Mansingh Medical College and attached Hospital were included. Sonographic parameters like Gall Bladder wall thickness, antero posterior diameter of Gall Bladder in fasting state, impacted gall stone, CBD diameter were taken into consideration and difficulties in terms of time taken for surgery, cystic duct injury; cystic artery injury and lead to conversion were analyzed. Of the 400 cases, 24 (6.0%) were converted to open procedure. Of the 144 (36%) cases predicted to be difficult, 116 (29%) were technically difficult, of which 18 (4.5%) were converted to open procedure. Of the 256 (64%) cases predicted to be easy on ultrasonography, 19 (4.75%) were found to be difficult on surgery, of which only 6 (1.5%) had to be converted to open procedure. In univariate analysis all the sonographic parameters we had included in this study were statically significant (p value <0.05). This study concluded that Preoperative sonographic signs can predict the difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This study was performed to evaluate the patients and dentists perspective on denture cleansing habits. Using a prepared questionnnaire a total of 100 patients and 100 practicising dentists living in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai were surveyed, regarding their opinions and views about denture hygiene and cleansing routines. The conclusions drawn from the study, were that most of the denture wearers did not clean their dentures satisfactorily and the dentists did not provide complete information about denture cleanliness to their patients.

In recent years, the awareness of spatiality has turned into one of the concerns in narrative studies. As a case study, the present study aims at applying the most influential theories on spatiality, proposed by Mark Johnson, and Hilary Dannenberg on Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. The paper attempts to identify the implications of spatial narrativity on this work. Discovering the novel from such spatial perspective heavily reveals the existence of a spatial structure in the narrative that constructs its abstract level, and indicates numerous spatial components that do not come into sight on the surface level. Moreover, applying the traditional assumptions of space, the analysis examined the spatial settings for all the incidents in the novel that showed the presence of an organized spatial narrativity throughout the work. The results of traditional and current theories indicated that spatial mappings provide the basis of the narrativity in Wilde’s work.

This paper identifies the interest subjects for the innovation system of manufacturing industries in northeast China, including manufacturing enterprises, governments, industry chain users, universities and research institutes, financial institutions, and intermediary organs. Therefore, analyzing the interest subjects promoting independent innovation activities in manufacturing industries in northeast China is an effective means to choose elements of industrial innovation impetus.

The field survey, this article through to the enterprise to build the enterprise independent innovation motivation system, from accurate set objectives, increase the intensity of R&D investment enterprise innovation, attaches great importance to the R&D team building, improve research and development success rate, optimize the environment of the independent innovation and so on five aspects, proposed our country enterprise independent innovation motivation system to guarantee the coordinated operation of the way and countermeasure.

This paper based on current status of domestic and foreign researches, connotation of dynamics of industrial independent innovation, as well as that of industrial independent innovation dynamic system is studied. The connotation of industrial independent innovation dynamic system of manufacturing industry in Northeast region is made clear. Dynamic factors of independent innovation dynamic system of manufacturing industry in Northeast region are elaborated.