A MANET is a probable solution for this need to quickly establish interactions in a mobile and transient environment. Proposed congestion controlled adaptive multicasting routing protocol to achieve load balancing and avoid congestion in MANETs. The existing algorithm for finding multicasting routes computes fail-safe multiple paths, which provide all the intermediate nodes on the primary path with multiple routes to target node. Routing may let a congestion happen, which is detected by congestion control, but dealing with congestion in this reactive manner results in longer delay and redundant packet loss and requires significant overhead if a new route is needed. Transmission of real-time video typically has bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements. Video transmission over wireless network poses many challenges. To overcome these challenges, extensive research has been conducted in the various areas of video application.

In this study the physical properties such as the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, porosity and density of the epoxy composites were characterized as a function of weight fraction of granite. According to the test results, addition of granite increases the thermal properties of the composites. This is due to the smaller interfacial thermal barrier at the interface between the particles and the matrix, and the easy pathway among particles, and we can say decrease of apparent porosity and increase in density because of the highest density of granite comparable with density of epoxy.

Ohmic heating offers an alternating to conventional heating because it simultaneously heats both phases by internal energy generated through electrical energy. In this process heating rate depends upon the electrical conductivity and field strength. By this method a product undergoes a minimum structural damage, retain its nutritional value. This technique gives excellent processed quality products in minimum operating time. Electrical conductivity of food products is linear with different temperature range. Energy during ohmic heating is dissipated directly into the foods. Ohmic heating can be utilized in different preprocessing and processing operations like blanching, evaporation, dehydration, fermentation, extraction, sterilization, pasteurization etc. Additionally research revealed that there is no protein denaturation at high temperature when heated with ohmic heating, also in the presence of starch, unusual conductivity behaviors found due to starch gelatinization.

A group of wireless devices forms a self-configured MANET. The Mobile Nodes make communication over the wireless links without any prefixed administration. The nodes in ad-hoc networks are battery operated and have limited energy resources. This makes energy efficiency a key concern in ensuring system durability. This paper suggests an Energy Efficient AODV to the MANET. It illustrates the energy conservation technique to improve the routing protocol efficiency. The energy conservation is attained in the MAC layer. It deals with the proposed energy conservation scheme. It explains the relation of routing overhead and energy conservation and it deals with the routing overhead reduction. It calculates the available and required energy of communication node and it evaluates the conserved energy level. It simulates the consuming energy in EE-AODV and, it compares the simulation result with AODV protocol.

Duck production in Tamil Nadu is characterised by the traditional enterprise with indigenous ducks, distributed widely. The indigenous duck varieties of Tamil Nadu have evolved over the years with better adaptability and production potentiality. These indigenous ducks are capable of laying 180-200 eggs per annum with an average egg weight ranging from 60-64 g with no additional or special feeding management. The common Indian breeds/genetic groups of ducks are Indian Runner, Nageswari, Sythetmete, Kuttanad, Arni etc. Besides non-descript ducks are also available in large numbers in many states of the country, contributing significantly to the total duck population. The unique nature of this native germplasm has not been properly documented. Hence, the work was proposed to study morphology and morphometric analysis of distinct indigenous ducks of Tamil Nadu. The duck farmers in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu are rearing two predominant varieties of ducks i.e. Sanyasi and Keeri. Among these, Sanyasi female is the popular duck variety reared by the farmers. The Sanyasi female ducks are having saffron coloured plumage and males are with dark brown plumage mixed with black. The bill colour of females is orange and for males it is dark yellow. The shank colour is orange for both males and females. The Keeri female ducks are having mixture of black and brown plumage characteristically in striations and males are with mixture of dark black and white plumage. The bill colour and shank colour of females is grey. Keeri male duck has dark grey / yellow bill colour and oranged coloured shank. Among the recorded morphometric traits, differences were noticed between the sexes and no significant differences were noticed between varieties.

Steady, two dimensional, incompressible electrically conducting, MHD fluid through porous media in a rotating reference frame under the presence of magnetic field which is mutually perpendicular to the velocity field has been considered. Complex variable technique has been employed and exact solutions for three different flow problems have been determined. Lastly, flows with isometric geometry have been studied.

This is the first empirical study to assess the stock price effect of the Affordable Care Act. The timeline for appropriate assessment begins when the Act became law on June 28, 2012 in a 5-4 decision by the United States Supreme Court. Although the study is constrained by the fact that not much time has passed since the June, 2012 Court decision, quarterly returns and stock prices were analyzed for each quarter beginning with the third quarter of 2012 and ending with the first quarter of 2014. This is referred to as the post-Act time period. The results were then compared to similar quarterly data for the period 2004-2007. This is referred to as the pre-Act period. Fifty-seven firms and 912 pre-Act firm quarters were assessed for 5 health care industries in the sector (hospital companies, diagnostic companies, medical device companies, drug manufacturing companies, and assisted living companies). These total firm quarters were then compared to the same 57 firms and 399 firm quarters in the post Act period. Findings indicate that stock prices of these firms are significantly positive in the pre-Act study period but significantly negative in the post-Act study period. The analysis was then broken down by each of the five industries in both the pre and post-Act study periods. Findings again show that stock prices are significantly lower in post-Act time periods with hospital companies, diagnostic companies and medical device companies being the most pronounced in stock price decline. These results have significant bearing on managers and investors in a post Affordable Care Act era. It is possible that the health care sector as a whole may experience continued downward pressure on both earnings and stock prices, while specific industries in the sector may experience more significant impact than others in the quarters and years to come.

Over 98% of paved highways in Jordan have a surface course where asphalt cement is used as the binder agent. The prevalence of these pavements is constructed with hot-mix asphalt concrete. Asphalt concrete is a mixture of binder and aggregate under specified volume parameters. Based on empirical evidence, the volume of air used in the mix design process is four percent. Under the performance grade specifications of the Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement (Super Pave) method of mix design the base grade of binder is selected based on the range of pavement temperatures expected for pavements service conditions (McLeod et al. 1956). Aggregates used in asphalt concrete in Jordan are mainly crushed limestone. The asphalt used is mainly the (60/70) penetration grade. The performance of asphalt surface roads is directly affected by the quality of the asphalt concrete. Several methods have been developed for determining the quantities of aggregate and asphalt cement used in the asphalt concrete such as Marshall, Hveem and SuperPave System (Foeter et al. 2009). This paper aims to compare between Marshall, Hveem and SuperPave System to show the difference between them.

The presence of a wide selection of angiotensin receptor blockers and the conflicting evidence regarding their cardioprotective effect, led to the attempt to evaluate the impact of irbesartan and candesartan on cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Female Albino rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group served as the control group and was given 1 ml distilled water via oral gavage and 0.5 ml distilled water subcutaneously. The second group was the isoproterenol (ISO) group and was given a daily S.C. injection of ISO at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The third group served as the treatment group and it was subdivided into 2 groups, both received ISO as stated previously along with a treatment drug which was administered via oral gavage and they included: ISO-Irb(irbesartan 50 mg/kg/day), and ISO-Cand(candesartan 2.6 mg/kg/day). All groups were treated for a period of 14 days. The assayed parameters included; mean serum Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), and Heart weight to Body weight (Hw/Bw) ratio.Irbesartan coadministered with ISO significantly reduced mean serum MMP-9 concentration, while candesartan significantly reduced MMP-9, and cTn-I concentrationscompared to the ISO group respectively. The Hw/Bw ratio was significantly reduced by both drugs. In conclusion both treatment drugs possessed some degree of cardioprotection; candesartan being the most beneficial in ameliorating isoproterenol induced cardiac injury.

European-American norms are still used in the orthodontic treatment of Saudi patients, despite the different ethnic backgrounds of Saudis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the Cephalometric features of Class II division 1 in Saudi adult patients and to compare these values with those features of normal occlusion by referring to the effect of the gender on these values. Ninety-four (94) Saudi patients were evaluated Cephalometrically and distributed into two groups where the first group comprised of (45) subjects with normal occlusion. The second group comprised of (49) subjects with Class II division 1. Wide variations were observed for almost all measurements of Class II division 1.However, a posteriorly positioned mandible and shortness in its dimensions were noticed. Patients were found to have vertical growth pattern and posterior rotation of mandible, buccal inclination of upper and lower incisors and an increased cranial base angle were all main characteristics of Class II divisions 1 patients. The comparison between the two genders revealed that the males have bigger facial dimensions than females, but the angular measurements were similar referring to the resemblance in the craniofacial morphology.