Air pollution is one of environmental issues that cannot be ignored. The heavy transportation and urbanization result in the air pollutants concentrated in certain areas. Inhaling pollutants for a long time causes damages in human health. Traditional air quality monitoring methods, such as building air quality monitoring stations, are typically expensive. In addition, monitoring stations are generally less densely deployed and provide low resolution sensing data. This paper proposes an urban air quality monitoring system based on the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It also integrates with the global system for mobile communications (GSM). The system consists of sensor nodes, a gateway, and a control center managed by the Lab VIEW program through which sensing data can be stored in a database. This system is deployed to the main roads in the Taipei city to monitor the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration caused by vehicle emissions. The experimental results show that the proposed system is suitable for micro-scale air quality monitoring in real-time through the WSN technology.

262 dairy cows were fed either 0 or 10g of a rumen protected carnitine product (containing 2g Carnitine) per cow and day supplemented via TMR. Milk yield and ingredients were investigated in all cows. For the investigation of blood parameters 55 cows per group were selected. Carnitin supplementation significantly decreased blood NEFA concentration one week a.p. and there was a trend for decreased NEFA one week p.p. and 5 weeks p.p.. GLDH in blood was significantly reduced one week a.p. and remained on a lower level throughout the trial in cows fed carnitine. Cholesterol level in blood was significantly decreased one week p.p. in heifers supplemented with carnitine. Cows in the supplemented group had also lower insemination index and improved conception rate.

Reduction in circulating platelets is observed relatively frequently in cases of malaria due to P. vivax. 61 patients with confirmed vivax malaria were enrolled in this study and the platelets were counted by hematological analyzer. our study revealed that 77.1% had platelets count less than 150,000/ μl , thrombocytopenia grade 1 represent 43%, grade 2 represent 19.8%, grade 3 represent 9.8% and grade 4 represent 4.9%. Thrombocytopenia should be a consideration as a clue to the presence of malaria in endemic region.

Sustainable economic growth of countries nowadays relies much on the regional economic alliance developed among countries. This type of integration is gradually spreading to different parts of the world including the South Asia. SAARC is an organization of South Asian countries, mainly institutionalized as an economic alliance to work with collaboration and accelerate their socio-economic development. But, since the inception of SAARC, the achievement in regional economic integration is insignificant and the level of intra-regional trade flow among SAARC countries is still very low compared to the rest of the world. The region accounts for a very insignificant share of world trade but persistent high levels of tariff barriers. The present study attempts to examine the prospects and briefly reviews and identifies constraints to intra-regional trade and modes of economic cooperation in the region. It aims to enhance cooperation amongst members in order to improve competitiveness and put forward a set of recommendations for the policy makers requiring relentless determination to make the alliance successful in future.

There is always a possibility of errors to happen into the system when we transmit data over a data link or a network which may affect the integrity of the system leading into a compromised transmission, according to this The performance of the system can be estimated by bit error rate AS (BER)provides an ideal way to achieved such transmission. In this paper we present a graphical user interface (GUI) design of the OSI Physical layer in order to calculate the BER (bit error ratio) of three different modulators (QPSK,16QAM And 64QAM) Each modulator will individually work to achieve results in simulation with respect to the (SNR) signal to noise ratio. We will show a clean figures of the process when simulation is running and comparison of the modulators. Previous researches of (BER) have shown that there are different ways to calculate the BER in order to ensure the quality of digital transmission system.

The aim of this study is to investigate the purposes, influences and problems of using internet for professional development of the tertiary level EFL teachers in Bangladesh. Using internet for academic and professional resources can improve EFL teachers’ expertise to a great extent. Therefore, increasing its effective uses and removing its barrier are just the need of time. The study finds that, although tertiary level EFL teachers are aware of benefits of internet and using internet for their professional development, they are facing a number of problems, like poor internet speed, high cost, lack of institutional support, workload, lack of technological skill and lack of proper training. Based on the findings this paper will also recommend some possible solutions of these problems.

The concern of human trafficking has been growing both at global, national and local level. However, it has become a major social problem in Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia. The Problem is widespread in the Zone. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four woredas of Jimma Zone between June and July 2013 to assess the main factors/causes, consequences, the process, and people’s awareness of human trafficking to fill knowledge gap on the area. Survey questionnaires were used to collect data from 382 randomly selected respondents. Furthermore, Case studies, in-depth and key informant interviews were used to collect qualitative data. Descriptive statistics, thematic analysis and case descriptions were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that 377 (98.7%) were aware of the existence of human trafficking. They stated that deceiving and motivating people to migrate specifically to Middle East is widely practiced by brokers in hidden ways. 46 (12 %) of the respondents revealed that they themselves had become victims of human trafficking and illegal migration. Case studies indicated that most of the victims have lost their money, suffered from long distance travelling, various forms of abuse, labor exploitation, exposure to disease, lack of water and food.

The present paper reports on the development of an intelligent virtual grader for assessing apple quality using machine vision. The heart of the proposed virtual grader was executed in the form of K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classifier designed on the architecture of Euclidean distance metric. KNN classifier is executed for this particular application due to its robustness to the noisy environment. The present study revealed that fruit surface illumination is one of the major deterministic parameters affecting accuracy substantially while assessing apple quality based on fruit size. The performance of the proposed virtual grader was examined experimentally under different conditions of fruit surface illumination. An industrial grade camera connected to an image grabber was used to implement the proposed industrial-grade virtual grader using machine vision. Results of this study are quite promising with an achievement of 99% efficiency at 100% repeatability when fruit surface is exposed to an optimal value of 310 lux. However, such an attempt has not been made earlier.

Large amount of data is embedded in media and spread in the internet. This data can be replaced easily with the help of some software. Digital watermarking is a very useful technology in today’s world, to prevent illegal copying of data. Digital watermarking can be applied to all forms of multimedia.

Aim: To analyze the results of treating fistula-in-ano using a preliminary Seton followed by fistulectomy and sphincter repair 2-4 months later. Method: This is a retrospective study of 56 patients with transsphincteric and complex anal fistulas, managed preliminary with loose Seton followed by fistulectomy and sphincter repair 2-4 months later between March 2011 and March 2013. Patients were seen at the clinic 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after the surgery. Patients were observed for complications and recurrence and incontinence was noted according to Cleveland Clinic score. Result: Twenty-five (45%) of the fistulas were high or complex. Twenty-nine (51.7%) of the patients had a history of previous surgery.Forty-nine (88%) of the cases were done as a day case surgeries.The Seton was kept in situ for 2-5 months (average 2.6 months). Complete healing was achieved within 3.7 weeks on average (2-8 weeks). The mean follow up was 20.5 months (12-36 months). Two patients had temporary flatus incontinence which had both resolved over a period of 2-3 months. Recurrence happened in two (3.6 %) patients and 54 (94.4%) of the patients had complete cure. Conclusion: Preliminary Seton followed by fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty has shown to be highly effective in treating transsphincteric and complex fistulas with low recurrence rates (2/56=3.6%) and no risk of subsequent incontinence.