Denial of Service (DoS) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are typically explicit attempts to exhaust victim’s bandwidth or disrupt legitimate users’ access to services. Traditional architecture of internet is vulnerable to DDoS attacks and it provides an opportunity to an attacker to gain access to a large number of compromised computers by exploiting their vulnerabilities to set up attack networks or Botnets. Once attack network or Botnet has been set up, an attacker invokes a large-scale, coordinated attack against one or more targets. Asa result of the continuous evolution of new attacks and ever-increasing range of vulnerable hosts on the internet, many DDoS attack Detection, Prevention and Traceback mechanisms have been proposed, In this paper, we tend to surveyed different types of attacks and techniques of DDoS attacks and their countermeasures. The significance of this paper is that the coverage of many aspects of countering DDoS attacks including detection, defence and mitigation, traceback approaches, open issues and research challenges.

Grain size and depositional pattern of sediment from Okeluse area, Southwestern Nigeria have been carried to evaluate its textural parameters and statistical measures to depict the depositional pattern of sediments in the study area. A total of ten samples were collected for this study. The method of sampling adopted for this study is a spot sampling method. The samples were processed and sieved following international standards. Statistical parameters studied include. The graphic mean values (Mz) ranges from 1.333 - 2.267. The inclusive graphic skewness (sk1) of grain analysis data show that they are negatively skewed and implies that the sediments are strongly coarsely, coarsely andnearly symmetrical skewed. Sediments in OKL1, OKL2 and OKL10 are strongly coarsely skewed, while OKL3, OKL4, OKL5, OKL6, OKL8 and OKL9 are coarsely skewed. OKL7 is nearly symmetrical skewed. The sorting kurtosis of the sediments shows that they are either leptokurtic or very platykurtic. OKL3, OKL5 and OKL7 are very platykurtic, while OKL1, OKL2, OKL4, OKL6, OKL8, OKL9 and OKL10 are leptokurtic. The grain size distribution reveals that the transporting medium must have undergone series of rise and fall in its velocity. In the present study, all the ten samples analyzed shows the dominance of saltation and suspension domains of size-population.

One of the earliest labour legislations in India, the Minimum Wages Act was enacted in 1948 immediately after India attained Independence. But even today a large section of the workforce remains outside the purview of the Minimum Wages Act. This paper takes a look at the efforts made by the Government of India since the enactment of the Act to improve the relevance of minimum wages, its impact in bringing the workers out of the poverty line, the issues that still persist and the way forward.

The development of Islamic financial system in Malaysia had lead to various innovation and establishment of new instruments and concepts whether in debt-based financing or equity-based financing. Though several concepts have been modified to fulfill consumer’s need, however, each and every one of the models should abide the law of Shariah. For over a few decades, Malaysia has been the lead country in applying the Bai Bithaman Ajil instrument in property financing. Until recently, a few legal cases have emerged and its compliancy towards Shariah has been debated among the scholars and consumers itself. In spite of the expose issues, a new proxy has been introduced. Musharakah Mutanaqisah is introduced as an equity-financing and is proven to be conforming towards Shariah as its ownership is shared between the bank and consumer. In contemplation of making the debt-based financing compliance towards Shariah, this journal is to schemed a new model in which the original model of Bai Bithaman Ajil is embedded with profit sharing ratio exist in Musharakah Mutanaqisah.

Objective: A large proportion of persons with serious and persistent mental disorders experience disability that interferes with their quality of life. This group of patients require rehabilitation services. Knowledge of the factors that are associated with good rehabilitation outcome can be used to optimize the structure of services to meet the needs of the patient population. This study was undertaken to assess the outcomes of care among patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit of a specialist neuropsychiatric hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of clinical records of all patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit of neuropsychiatric hospital Aro over eleven years period from September 2002 to august 2013. Data was collected using a semi-structured proforma and analysis was done using SPSS version 17. Results: The medical records of 56 patients were analyzed. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 54.6 (14.4) and 64% of them were male. The median duration of stay in the rehabilitation unit was 41.3 months. Among the patients, 26.8% completed rehabilitation programme and were discharged into the community. The factors identified by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis that significantly influenced achieving discharge among this cohort were high education, previous employment, good social and family support, good activities of daily living, younger age and vocational engagement. Conclusion: In this sample of rehabilitation in-service patients, we conclude that good socio-demographic profiles and engagement in vocational activities were significantly associated with achieving discharge. In Nigeria and other developing countries, the need for the recognition of the role of rehabilitation in addressing the adverse consequences of mental disability is highly warranted.

After long been rejected by harsh criticism, Alice Walker brings back credit to Zora Neale Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, about a black heroine. Species from the south folklore is portrayed in black dialect echoing traditional literary voice. Our paper targets to analyse the linguistic and cultural diversity in the novel noticed between black dialect and Standard English of the narrator; plus an exposition to folkloric elements spelled out of the Southern black culture accurately reported by the novelist through Janie whose voice represents the actual situation of everyday life. Hurston, as most urban and rural African American writers, defies canonical literature and conventional literary representation; indeed, she succeeds to develop the skill of reproducing the ritualized vernacular contest, stories, games, entertainment and other popular habits. Grounded in a theory of cultural oral legacy, Hurston’s novel is duplication of the black culture and dialect which have had an unmistakable influence on American society.

Wireless transmission is affected by fading and interference effects which can be combated with equalizer. The use of MIMO system promises good improvement in terms of spectral efficiency, link reliability and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The effect of fading and interference always causes an issue for signal recovery in wireless communication. Equalization compensates for Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) created by multipath within time dispersive channels. This paper analyzes the performance of Zero forcing method for MIMO wireless channels. The simulation results are obtained using MATLAB. The Bit Error Rate (BER) characteristics for the various transmitting and receiving antenna simulates in MATLAB and describes many advantages and disadvantages of the system. The simulation results show that the equalizer based zero forcing receivers is good for noise free channel and is successful in removing ISI.

This experiment was designed to investigate the biological and economical response of feeding effective microorganisms treated wheat bran provided at different level to young crossbred calves. Twenty crossbred Frisian*Boran calves weighing (100± 10.85) kg and 6 months of age were selected and divided randomly in to 4 similar treatment groups (5 animals each group) in 100 days feeding trial. All the calves in the different groups were fed similar basal diet of native pasture hay. The first group (T1, control) fed native hay as a basal diet and concentrate mixture as a supplement. Group 2, 3 and 4 (T2, T3 and T4) fed the same basal diet and concentrate mixture replaced by 33, 66 and 100 % EM treated wheat bran, respectively.

Any river in the world has very high environmental value. The environmental status of any river anywhere in the world indicates environmental status of that region. River Baghmati considered as a holy river for both Hindus and Buddhist in India and Nepal. In Nepal the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works has drafted a bill to form the existing `High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of the Bagmati Civilization (https://www.ngoforum.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7105& Itemid=6). During last election in Nepal, issues of river Bagmati were listed in their election manifesto. So many holy temples are situated on the banks of river Baghmati. One ancient temple is also in Sheohar in Dekuli one km away from the bank of river Baghmati. Baghmati River enters Indian territory in Bihar in village Shorwatia in Sitamarhi district, nearly 2.5 Km north of Dheng railway station. Total length of river Baghmati is about 589 Km. It traverses nearly 195 Km in Nepal and rest 394 Km in Bihar.It outfalls in river kosi at Badlaghat in Bihar (https://fmis.bih.nic.in/Riverbasin.html#Bagmati). The social and cultural practices around the bank of river Baghmati is called Baghmatian society. In Baghmatian society many religious and cultural practices are just because of river and its seasonal flow. It may not be an exaggeration to say that river Baghmati has immense influence in developing the life style of people. In context of Nepal and Bihar Baghmati River not only have environmental value but also have high social, cultural and historical value.

Since the beginning of life on planet earth, among males and females only the females are endowed with the gift of producing new life. But for this huge privilege a woman has to pay the price almost half of her life, puberty to menopause by going through Menstrual Cycle. Menstruation is a natural phenomenon indicating a woman’s fertility. Having regular menstrual cycles is a sign that important parts of the female body are working normally. It also prepares the body for pregnancy each month. A cycle is counted from the first day of the first period to the first day of the next period. But problem with Menstruation begins when abnormality in the regular cycle occurs. The normal range of age for the onset of periods is 9–17 years. Most girls begin puberty at around 10 years of age with an initial phase of accelerated growth and breast development known as breast budding. Shortly after, pubic hair appears, and by 12 years more than 50 per cent of young girls have underarm hair.