Different networks are used to transfer data from one device to another with acceptable accuracy. For most applications, a system must guarantee that the data received are identical to the data transmitted. Transmission media are most error-prone link. In a network, the capacity of nodes is different and the rate at which the sender is sending data might not be the same rate at which the receiver accepts it. In this paper, we discuss on designing issues of data link layer. The primary focus ison various error detecting and controlling mechanisms.

This paper is intended to analyze the delineation of the Sufi Phenomenon in ElifShafak’s novel “The Forty Rules of Love”. The novel draws a correlation between the world of 13th century and that of 21st century through the parallel narratives of development of friendship of a renowned scholar-turned-poet, Rumi and a mystic Sufi, Shams, and that of a mystic writer, Aziz and a housewife, Ella. Emanating out of the precincts of religion, time and space, the concept of a Universal Spirituality is presented; the bedrock of which is Love.The tenets of this Universal spirituality are derived from Sufism. Shafak has depicted this Universal Spirituality a mutual platform of communion and relation for the mankind, be of East or West, and Love is that centripetal force that can bind them together. It is where all music attunes to the One symphony and Unity is realized.

The research was carried out with an intention to observe any sign of improvement of clayey soil due to the addition of soda lime glass dust with it. In this thesis work clayey type soil has been chosen. The reason behind choosing clay is that it has some problems. The main problem is that it undergoes consolidation settlement due to the application of long term loading. Another problem is it shrinks significantly if it is dried and expands significantly if it absorbs moisture which exerts much pressure on the substructure. Glass dust is chosen to check the improvement because it is cohesionless material. Addition of cohesionless material to the cohesive soil means it will lessen the consolidation settlement and expansive nature of soil. To investigate the effect traditional methods of analyzing the effect of additives on soil has been adopted i.e. conducting several tests of untreated soil and soil treated with glass dust and then comparing the results. The tests that were carried out in this study are Compaction test, Atterberg test, Consolidation test, Unconfined compression test. Before this to know the type of soil grain size analysis and specific gravity tests were performed. From the test results it is observed that the maximum dry density increases, optimum moisture content decreases, liquid limit decreases, plastic limit increases, plasticity index decreases, compression index and swell index decreases with the addition of glass dust with soil. Unconfined compressive strength decreases at zero day and after curing for some days the unconfined compressive strength increases with the addition of glass dust with soil.

The paper focuses on the need for gaining knowledge and understanding on the different ways the owner of life talks to man, and the many benefits associated with it. It is indisputable that God speaks all the time to man, but ignorance has impeded man from proper understanding and effective use of it. Those who have been aware have helped in myriad ways in uplifting humanity. From time immemorial, God has spoken through the light and sound (Holy Spirit), dreams, nudges, intuition, golden tongue wisdom (day dream), man and animals, among others. Eradication of ignorance, many discoveries, advancement in arts, religion, music, poets, sciences and technology bothered on good understanding of God’s language and proper appropriation. Increased awareness on these different communication approaches of God, will definitely reposition a lot of things in the development of man and his environment.

Our previous publications lead to the fact that the ether elasticity theory in which the ether is shown to be an elastic medium governed by a Navier-Stokes-Durand equation (NSDE), unifies physics theories. The great lines of this unification are the following. Electromagnetism, is the case where the ether is submitted to only densities C of couples of forces associated to the electric charges that creates the field of the displacements of the points of the ether from which one deduces the Maxwell equations and the electromagnetic forces. Electromagnetism is generalized to the case where is also associated to (particles of mass m and electric charge e) submitted to incident fields, by the fact that the Lagrange-Einstein function of a such a yields not only the motion equation, but also, defined by, which is the phase of a wave associated to. This is a solution of a generalized NSDE. A specific sum of waves forms a globule that moves like the and contains all its parameters; reciprocally, a wave is a sum of globules, i.e., of.

In this work we study mz-compact spaces and mz-Lindel of spaces, where m is an infinite cardinal number. Several new properties of them are given. It is proved that every mz- compact space is pseuodocompact (a space on which every real valued continuous function is bounded). Characterizations of mz-compact and mz-Lindel of spaces by multifunctions are given.

Antimicrobials are valuable therapeutics whose efficacy is seriously compromised by the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. A survey was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the use of antimicrobials in animal production and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant organisms. The survey was conducted between November, 2012 to May 2013 using structured questionnaires. Responses to the questionnaires were analyzed using linear regression and correlation variables. Results showed that correlation between the use of antimicrobials and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria were both positive and negative on one hand and significant and non-significant on the other hand at 0.01 and 0.05 in both poultry and pig farms. Escherichia coli isolates had a negative (-0.20) non significant (P>0.050) correlation with increase in dosage of antimicrobial given. Negative, non-significant (P>0.05) correlations were found between dosage of antimicrobials given and number of Enterococcus isolates (-0.19). In Table 2, the correlations between the variables were almost positive except between dosage of antimicrobials given and number of Enterococcus isolates where there was no correlation. Results from linear showed that farm size and level of education were significant at 5% and 10% in poultry and pig farms respectively. The results of this study suggest that the amounts and patterns of antimicrobials used in food animals is the major determinant for the propagation of resistant bacteria in the animal reservoir.

A survey was conducted to evaluate the factors that can cause misuse or abuse of antimicrobials in poultry and piggery farms. This evaluation was conducted between May 2011 and April, 2012 using a structured questionnaire distributed by the author to farm managers. The results showed that level of education of farm managers have a role to play in prudent use of antimicrobials. Only a small percentage (10% for poultry,20% for piggery farms) of antimicrobial prescriptions were made by veterinarian, while the key prescriptions (70% poultry, 60% piggery farms) were made by the farmers or the farm managers. Laboratory analysis was not routinely done on samples before antimicrobial administration. Majority of antimicrobial administration (45% for poultry farms, 60% for piggery farms) were based on history of disease and mere observations on the animals. In the poultry farms, 60% of farm managers have degree and they adhered to the average of 3-4 days (65%) duration of antimicrobial administration. The results showed that majority of antimicrobial administrations were made by farm managers with minimal laboratory analysis of samples. It is anticipated that this findings will create awareness on the appropriate use of antimicrobials on farm animals.

A survey was conducted (June 2011 to May 2012) on antibiotic usage of 90 poultry farms and 72 piggery farms from 17 local government areas of Abia State, Nigeria. Survey questionnaires were used to identify and prioritize the antibiotics most effective and frequently used, current therapeutic and sub-therapeutic antibiotic usage patterns. The result showed that 65% of poultry and 75% of piggery farms failed to do laboratory analysis prior antibiotic usage and on most farms (70% for poultry, 65% for piggery) antibiotics were administered by the owner/manager. The mode of administration of the antibiotics was 80% through water in poultry and 80% through injection in piggery and 40% of the farmers said they always completed the course of antibiotic treatment. Twelve antibiotics including beta-lactams, streptomycin, tetracycline, macrolides, sulfa-drugs, cephalosporin etc. were used on these farms. These antibiotics were used mainly on weekly basis in poultry (65%) and fortnightly in piggery (40%). The result of this survey suggested that antibiotics are used extensively on poultry and piggery farms for therapeutics, prophylactic and growth purposes. Tetracycline and streptomycin were the most widely used antibiotics to treat mainly enteritis and pneumonia. There is a considerable variation in the management practices on poultry and piggery farms associated with antibiotic use. It is anticipated that the findings of this survey will help to develop new strategies for prudent use of antibiotics in piggery and poultry farms in Abia State, Nigeria

The economic development of a nation remains paramount to any government and this can be achieved through the activities of macromarketing. The study conceptually and empirically showed how the activities of macromarketing by firms in the area of retail, telecommunication and aviation had led to improvement in per capita income, standard of living, job creation, alleviation of poverty, increase in government revenues, improved infrastructural facilities. Government is required to encourage all sector in economy to act responsibly and ensure that both firms and government act in the interest of the nation