At present, power system operation, control, Management becomes very complex due to continuously increasing demand. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers are used to increase power transfer capability of the transmission lines closer to their limits. This paper proposed a methodology to solve Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem in the presence of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) while satisfying system operating and practical constraints. A novel cost objective function is formulated by combining investment cost of the TCSC with the conventional fuel cost function. The proposed methodology is tested on standard IEEE-14 bus test system with supporting results.

Security is considered as most crucial aspect in cloud computing. It has attracted lots of research in the recent years. On the other hand, attackers are exploring and exploiting the vulnerabilities in cloud. The heart of the Cloud computing lies in Virtualization technology. Attackers are taking the advantage of vulnerabilities in Virtual Machines and they can able to compromise virtual machines thereby launching DDOS attacks. Services such as Saas,IaaS which are meant to support end users may get affected and attackers may launch attacks either directly or by using zombies. Generally, Data Centres own security policies for dealing with security issues. Suppose incase of DDoS attacks, only the policies which deals with it ,can only been applied. However, in datacenters, all the security policies are commonly been applied on the applications irrespective of their category or security threats that it face. The existing approach consumes lots of time and wastage of resources. In this paper, we have developed an approach to segregate the applications as per the type or threats (by adapting detection mechanisms) being faced . Based on the zone in which it is lying , only the relevant security policies will only be applied. This approach is optimized where we can efficiently reduce the latency associated with applying security policies.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high mortality. Drug resistance is common in countries where the alternative treatments are limited and available drugs are misused. In resource limited countries; it is wise to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of common bacterial pathogens of Community acquired pneumonia. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at Arba Minch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia from February to December 2013. Sputum specimens were collected; microbiological investigations and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using standard procedures. Data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version16.0. Results: Out of 170 cases, only 73 (42.9%) were culture positive. Majority of tested bacterial isolates (>86%) were sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin. Most Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (60%) were resistant to Oxacillin. Most of Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacterial isolates were resistance to Tetracycline (100%), Penicillin (83.3%), Ampicillin (50-100%), Doxycycline (50-100%), and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.3-100%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed to most (60.3%) bacterial isolates. Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance including Multidrug resistance was observed to a number of commonly used antibiotics, such as trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, penicillin groups and doxycycline. Hence, periodic monitoring of drug resistant pattern is essential for better management of community acquired pneumonia.

This is a preliminary study utilizing drug targeting approach for developing sildenafil citrate (SFC) pulmonary delivery system, a first – line for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment and hence reducing the dose and the side effects. The closed melt method was employed for preparing SFC – solid lipid microparticles dispersions (SFC – SLMDs), a non – solvent technique aid in the production of drug – matrix dispersions with sustained release properties. Glyceryl behenate (GB) (Compritol® 888 ATO) was used as the retarding matrix and the results shown that as its ratio increase there was a decrease in the fine particle fraction, an increase in the drug content and a prolong drug release pattern. The best model fit the release data was Higuchi – Matrix model which indicates drug diffusion – controlled releasing mechanism. Thus, inhaled SFC – SLMDs dry powder will improve PAH treatment via drug localization at low doses and reducing the administration frequency.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is capable of autonomously forming a network without human interaction. Each node in a WSN acts as a router, forwarding data packets to other nodes. Without routing protocols, these routers cannot work together in phase. A central challenge in the design of WSN is the development of routing protocols that can efficiently find routes in a network. The question is which criteria should be considered when selecting a routing protocol, for instance, energy consumption (battery life), bandwidth, or security? We selected energy consumption as this is the most important criterion in WSN. To find out the best routing protocol, we analyzed three routing protocols namely AODV (Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector), AOMDV (Ad-hoc On Demand Multiple Distance Vector), and DSDV (Destination Sequence Distance Vector). Overall performance of these protocols was analyzed by comparing end-to-end delay, throughput, normalized routing load, and energy consumption of the network. This was accomplished by using the Network Simulator, NS-2.34 over IEEE 802.11. The analysis shows that AOMDV is the best routing protocol in terms of energy consumption.

To explore the pattern and determinants of traditional cautery practices for management of ailments among infants visiting the outpatient clinics of governmental hospitals in Aseer District. Methods: This study was conducted at the Pediatrics’ Outpatient Clinics of governmental hospitals within Aseer Region. The data collection sheet included personal characteristics and variables related to cautery practices. The study group comprised 150 infants and an age-and gendermatched control group (134 infants) who did not have any cautery marks in their bodies. Results: Parents sought cautery for their infants mainly because of abdominal distension (28%), prolonged cough (27.3%), persistent vomiting (22%) and excessive crying (14%). The main sites for cautery were the infant’s chest (50.7%) and the abdomen (38.7%). The person who performed cautery to the infants was mainly a professional traditional healer (89.3%). Inflammation of skin at the cautery site occurred in 26.7% of infants. Wound infection occurred in 4% while the 6.7% of infants had to be hospitalized after cautery. The complaint of more than one fifth of the infants (21.3%) got cured after cautery, while 50% improved, 26.7% did not improve and 2% worsened. There were significant differences according to parents’ attained educational level (p<0.001 for both fathers and mothers), with more cautery among infants whose parents had lower levels of education. Mothers’ employment was significantly associated with less practice of cautery for infants (p<0.001). Cautery was significantly more practiced for infants with high number of siblings (p=0.017) and for infants within extended families (p=0.018). Conclusions: The perception of parents is in favor of practicing cautery for their infants’ ailments. However, the observed improvement or cure of infants’ after cautery is questionable. Further detailed studies are needed to explore if there are genuine effects for cautery on the human body.

In System reliability design, it is essential to know the effectiveness of different design options in improving system reliability. Various Reliability models techniques have been created to evaluate these parameters by applying both analytic and simulation techniques, and this paper reviews those related primarily to reliability optimization design problems. The purpose, type of models used, type of systems modeled, heuristic and metaheauristic techniques will be discussed and serviceability parameters are surveyed. Examples of some of the key modeling issues such as RAP, UMGF and MSS , similarities and differences between various models and tools and can be help to aid in selecting models and tools for a particular tools for a particular application or designing needs for future needs.

A Model that Minimizing the number of test operations on Web Programming Exhaustive Testing is introduced. The proposed model based for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the Hebbian trained matrix algorithm. The model problem is formed as Agility WEB Programming Methodologies optimization problem. Time and web developer efforts will be reduced on white box testing type. A full numerical solved example is introduced. Our numerical experience shows that our approach is promising especially for Web Programming Exhaustive Testing.

This paper is a book review of the book ‘The End of Poverty: Economic possibilities for our time’ written by Nobel Laureate Jeffrey Sacks (2005), an American renounced economist and director of the Earth Institute, Columbia University. In the book, Sachs talks about global poverty issues and their miseries in poor countries. Moreover, he provides statistics with examples of the many problems related to economic, educational, population, cultural, health and environmental issues. He narrates in detail the poverty of Malawi, Bangladesh, Kenya, India and Bolivia. The book compares and contrasts the economic histories of China, Russia and India. The book also narrates the current Chinese and Indian economic booms in the global context. The book contains economic histories of many countries; it has many suggestions for economic policy reforms and cooperation among rich and poor countries. It contains suggestions for improving donor funding plans, and strategies for ending poverty in poor countries. Jeffrey Sachs describes World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) activities and their wrong, stereotypical funding policies and strategies for different countries, particularly those in Africa. He identifies information technology (IT) flow, different technological innovations, technological change and its development (invention of the steam engine, use of coal, invention of the rail engine and railway, electrification of industry) and their contributions to world development. Poor countries are using less IT and technology; however. as a result, they get fewer benefits from them than rich countries. Hence there are needs for use of more IT in poor countries. The book suggests simultaneous trade investments in and aid to poor countries for their socio-economic development, in addition to technology and energy support to them. Moreover, at the end of the book, Jeffrey Sachs provides nine tips / actions / steps for ending poverty around the world: 1) adopt a plan of

Nigeria is a country with potentials for greatness; a large population comprising of a dynamic workforce, a growing economy, natural resources, raw materials and oil deposits which make her the largest exporter of crude oil in Africa. Despite these indices for greatness, fifty-four years after independence, Nigeria is yet to find her feet among the comity of nations as insurgency continues to take its toll on the country and make life insecure for the ordinary Nigerian citizen. Corruption is a major cause of conflicts and insecurity which continue to pose a challenge to development in the country. This paper examines the issue of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria and the challenge this poses to the development of the country. The paper shows that corruption is a major cause of insecurity in the country and it is therefore suggested that the Nigerian Government should find lasting solutions to the crises while giving top priority to eradication of corruption in its transformation agenda.