A cross sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2013 to determine prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and population of tsetse and other biting flies, and to assess effects of integrated control strategy implem - ented in the last five years in Ameya district, South West Shewa, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used. Structured questionnaire survey was conducted by face to face discussion. Buffy coat technique was used for screening followed by thin smear technique for trypanosome species identification. Baited monopyramidail traps were deployed at a distance of 300m apart for 72 hours to catch flies. The district was identified as one of the areas affected by bovine trypanosomosis and infested by tsetse and other biting flies. Integrated control strategy has been implemented to reduce occurrence of the disease and its vectors. From 436 examined animals, 6 (1.4%) were positive. Two species of trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei (3/6, 50%) and Trypanosoma congolense (2/6, 33.33%) were identified in a single infection while 16.67% (1/6) mixed infection of both species was obtained. There was no statistical significance difference (p>0.05) in prevalence of the disease among groups of peasant associations and age, and between sex groups. The mean packed cell volume of parasitemic and aparasitemic cattle was similar. A total of 6236 biting flies, including 6133 (98.35%) Stomoxys, 18 (0.29%) Tabanus, 14 (0.22%) Chrysops and 71 (1.14%) Haematopota were captured. However, tsetse fly was not captured. Statistical significance difference was observed in mean catch of Stomoxys and Tabanus (p<0.05) in different peasant associations. In conclusion, application of integrated control strategy undertaken in the district resulted in reduction of disease occurrence and tsetse flies. Thus, continuation of the ongoing integrated control strategy and dissemination of the strategy to neighboring districts to limit re-invasion with tsetse flies were recommended.

This study examined task switching ability as a function of anxiety. Participants with mild anxiety switched between emotion and age classification among faces. There were few important results: (i) Individuals with anxiety categorized facial emotion faster than facial age (ii)There was a larger switch cost for age than the emotion categorization (iii) Anxiety was a significant predictor of task switch costs. We discussed why anxious individuals showed a deficit in cognitive control of facial attributes.

The number of web pages on the World Wide Web is increasing very rapidly. Consequently, search engines like Google, AltaVista, Bing etc. provides a long list of URLs to the end user. So, it becomes very difficult to review and analyze each web page manually. That’s why automatic text sumarization is used to summarize the source text into its shorter version by preserving its information content and overall meaning. This paper proposes an automatic multiple documents text summarization technique called AMDTSWA, which allows the end user to select multiple URLs to generate their summarized results in parallel. AMDTSWA makes the use of concept based segmentation, HTML DOM tree and concept blocks formation. Similarities of contents are determined by calculating the sentence score and useful information is extracted for generating a comparative summary. The proposed approach is implemented by using ASP.Net and gives good results.

Software Performance Engineering (SPE) provides a systematic, quantitative approach to constructing software systems that meet performance objectives. It prescribes ways to build performance into new systems rather than try to fix them later. Performance is a pervasive quality of software systems; everything affects it, from the software itself to all underlying layers, such as operating system, middleware, hardware, communication networks, etc. Software Perfor - mance Engineering encompasses efforts to describe and improve performance, with two distinct approaches: an earlycycle predictive model-based approach, and a late-cycle measurement-based approach. Current progress and future trends within these two approaches are described, with a tendency (and a need) for them to converge, in order to cover the entire development cycle.

Adverse drug reactions, medication errors and other drug-related problems are the leading causes of hospitallisation and are associated with a huge economic burden and significant human suffering. This serious issue of medication therapy also contributes to morbidity and mortality. At present, the monitoring of adverse drug reactions was started in Yemen by establishing a pharmacovigilance centre in 2011. Till now there is no published information about its work , number of reports and how they process it. The country and public are facing with many safety problems related to drug smuggling, counterfeit drugs, improper and irrational use of drugs, importation of unnecessary drugs and medical errors. Therefore, it is necessary to make serious steps and active regulations in Yemen to ensure patients and public safety in relation to medicines use.

The nonlinear static procedure (NSP) based on pushover analysis is usually restricted with a single mode response. The NSP is valid mainly for low-rise buildings where the behavior is dominated by fundamental vibration modes. It is of significance to take into account of higher mode effects in pushover analysis of such structures as tall buildings or asymmetric structures. Consecutive Modal Pushover (CMP) procedure is recently proposed to consider higher mode effects in 2D models. This paper deals with the extension of the CMP method to asymmetric building structures. The asymmetric models of this study are reinforced concrete moment resisting frame buildings. The results are compared with results of nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. Promising compatibility is found in both local and global responses.

Objective: To analyze the playing actions and match circumstances which involve physical contact between players and lead to injuries in men’s World Cup football. Design: Prospective injury surveillance and video analysis of matches in three FIFA World Cups. Setting: 2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups™. Participants: Players and team physicians at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups™. Main outcome measures: Contact injury risk incidents linked with an injury and contact injury incidents without linkable injury. Results: Three hundred and four contact injuries were reported and 671 contact injury risk incidents were identified from the video recordings. One hundred and twenty-eight (42.1%) of the reported contact injuries were linkable with a contact injury risk incident. Two variables were identified as independent predictors of injury; attack type (p<0.01) and the involvement of foul play (p<0.05). Conclusions: The limitations of combining injury report data with data obtained through video analysis make the results of the present study difficult to interpret. There is limited evidence that the current definition of an injury risk incident, as defined in the FIA methodology, is adequate for linking match events with injuries. Future studies are needed that provide more reliable methods for identifying injuries using video recordings.

Water pollution from crude oil spills in the mangrove ecosystem was investigated employing water samples obtained from three different locations in the Niger Delta. Focused group discussions were held and comprehensive questionnaires were administered to the residents in the three communities where the water samples were collected. The results of the study showed that oil activities have led to poor water quality in the Niger Delta, negatively impacting on the mangrove ecosystem with extensive depletion of fish stock in the region. The authors recommend the adoption of best practices in the oil activities to minimise the harmful effects of oil operations in the Niger Delta.

This research article is intended to compare the standard of physical education in Pakistan with U.S.A. The basic purpose of study was to investigate the flaws and their causes in the field of physical education in Pakistan. The physical education program is compared at the level of facilities i.e. institutes, faculty, laboratories and equipments, funding and society awareness. The assertion of this premise is established by data collecting through as self administered questionnaire with a sample of 250 people and also through interview of higher authorities of physical education program in especially Pakistan and U.S.A. The findings of this study indicate that the standard of physical education is worse in Pakistan due to unavailability of institutes, highly qualified staff, latest equipments and social awareness; where as the situation in U.S.A is vice versa.

Context: Sexual intercourse during adolescence period is unprotected and it has a lot of health risks and physical and psychological hazards. Meanwhile there is no study on the prevalence and associated factors of premarital sexual practice in the study area. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among Alamata high school and preparatory school adolescents in 2013. Settings and design: The study was conducted in Alamata, Tigray which is the northern Ethiopia. There is one high school and one preparatory school. The study design was cross sectional. Methods and materials: All regular students attending their school in the year 2013 were included and multi stage sampling method was used. A total of 520 participants were included. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: Data entered using EpI Info version 3.5.1 analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used Result: A total of 493 participants give complete response. One hundred four (21.1%) of adolescent have had premarital sexual practice. Associated factors were age>18 years (AOR=12, 95%CI=3.97, 36.54), urban resident (preventive) (AOR=0.23, 95%CI=0.07, 0.75), having a positive attitude towards premarital sex (AOR=3.07, 95%CI=1.19, 7.91), having a boy/girlfriend(AOR=3.33, 95%CI=1.39, 7.99), peer pressure (AOR=7.33, 95%CI=2.97, 18.09), and watching sex movies (AOR=7.98, 95%CI=2.55, 24.93). Conclusion: Prevalence ofpremarital practice was high. Therefore, community and/or school health interventions are needed to reduce the premarital sexual practice among school adolescents to prevent sexually related health problems.