Introduction: Probiotic concept of using beneficial bacteria has recently gained popularity in medical research. New methods such as probiotics has given a new dimension for both general and oral health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a Probiotic mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis among schoolchildren aged 15-16 years. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, double blind clinical trial. 90 subjects granting their parental informed consent and willing to participate completed the trial. The sample was randomized by computer generated table into Group A –0.2% of chlorhexidine mouthrinse, Group B – Probiotic mouthrinse, Group C – Placebo mouthrinse. Products were masked as regards color. Intervention protocol consisted in supervised rinsing of 20 mL/day for 60 seconds twice daily for 14 days. Plaque and gingival indexes were used to assess the efficacy variables, measured at baseline and after intervention by calibrated examiner. Data were statistically analysed. Results: It was found that both Probiotic and chlorhexidine mouthrinses were able to significantly reduce plaque and gingival levels after 14 days (p<0.05). Conclusion: probiotic mouthrinse showed significant reduction in plaque score and gingival level.

In recent days, there was a tremendous revolution in the application of nano technology in the field of electrical engineering. Nano particles were used as fillers in the polymeric insulating materials to improve the physical, chemical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties and to avoid tracking in the polymeric insulation. One such application of the nano fillers was practically implemented in the single phase induction motor to improve the performance and the thermal withstanding capacity of the motor. Alumina and silica nano particles were used as fillers for the varnish or enamel used in the single phase induction motor. Enamel was used as coatings for the windings of the motor. The performance and thermal withstanding capacity of the single phase motor was improved by coating the windings of the motor with the enamel filled with Alumina and silica nano particles in the ratio 1:4. From this research, it was observed that the temperature of the nano coated motor was decreased by 9.5% when compared to that of normal motor during daytime. The temperature of the nano coated motor was decreased by 8.6% when compared to that of normal motor during the night time. The efficiency was improved by 19.07% during the daytime by adding nano coating to the single phase induction motor whereas the efficiency was improved by 13.08% during the night time.

This study examined the various motivational strategies available to workers of the Nigerian food, beverage and tobacco industry; and determined employees’ perception of the best motivation strategy for enhancing their job performance. Primary and secondary data were sourced for this study. Primary data were collected through administration of questionnaire to employees of five purposively selected companies out of 15 quoted companies in the industry. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting respondents from these companies, using the three levels of management for stratification, with a sample fraction of 15 percent. Secondary data were sourced from Nigeria Stock Exchange Factsbook. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed various motivational strategies available to workers of the industry, found the best motivational strategy in the industry which, if properly used, would result in 80% increase in organizational performance. The study concluded that the use of perceived best motivational strategy by employees should be encouraged to bring about remarkable improvement to organizational performance in the industry.

A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) may result in brief, moderate, or lifelong physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social and employment difficulties, extended unconsciousness, permanent disabilities, or death. The annual TBI incidence in the United States of 1.7 million people or more and the estimated 5.3 million people with TBI dwelling in the U.S. contribute to TBI being a grave public health issue. While the physician is typically considered the point person directing the medical care for an acute TBI, the key member of the health team should be the person with the TBI along with a family support person. A comprehensive approach to recovery should include early referrals to many other types of health professionals such as neurologists and other physician specialists, physical therapists, psychologists, speech therapists, etc. for early intervention and avoiding delays in healing that may result from subtle problems cognitive dysfunction, depression, or vision and other sensory system deficits. Simple tools such asa Care Notebook holding various care and treatment details as well as pragmatic strategies such as memory and communication tips for the person with the TBI and the physician (or other health professionals) should help the family stay abreast of the multiple treatments, medicine changes, appointments, and changing needs over time. In addition, a network of health professionals, community programs and e-resources are important to address the many different challenges toward recovery. A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) may range from a mild to a severe: bump, blow, jolt, or penetrating injury to the head that results in brain dysfunction.The impact of the TBI may range from a momentary mild brain dysfunction to a severe injury resulting in extended unconsciousness, permanent disabilities,or death. With 138 people in the United States dying daily from injuries that include TBI, the annual U.S.TBI incidence of 1.7 millionpeople or more, and an estimated 5.3

Nickel-titanium rotary instruments are preferred for their excellent flexibility, superelasticity and improved cutting efficiency but they can separate unexpectedly, especially in curved canals. Instrumentation with WaveOne and One Shape files was performed on 200 artificial canals divided in four equal groups. Glide path was created with PathFiles and G-files. Average lifespan and survival rate of the shaping files were tested, before and after a glide path creation. Average lifespan of WaveOne and One Shape files without a creation of a glide path was 10.25±2.50 canals and 4.1 (±1.37) canals, respectively and after the creation of a glide path – 17.50±2.12 canals and 4.6 (±1.30) canals. Average lifespan and cumulative survival of the tested files revealed significant difference. WaveOne files showed significantly higher resistance to fracture compared with One Shape files. Lifespan and survival rate of tested files increased after the creation of a glide path. Reciprocal motion increases significantly instruments life.

Background: The presence of hypoactive nodules in patients with Graves’ disease (GD) is an important factor in deciding on surgical treatment. Literatures are inconclusive about the increase in the risk of malignancy in cases of hypoactive nodules accompanying GD. The incidence of incidental malignancy in patients that underwent surgical treatment for GD were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This study included 108 patients that underwent thyroidectomy due to GD. Hypoactive nodules and diffuse hyperplasia were observed in 59 (54.6%) and 49 (45,4%) of the patients, respectively, during preoperative evaluation. In all 108 patients total thyroidectomy (TT) was the preferred surgical method. Results: Malignant histopathology was noted in 11 (10.2%) of the 108 patients. The thyroid nodules preoperatively observed in 59 patients were determined to be benign according to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), which also showed that 7 (11.9%) patients had incidental malignancy. Among the 49 patients with diffuse thyroid hyperplasia, but no nodule, 4 (8.2%) were incidentally malignant. Follicular and papillary carcin-omas were observed in 1 (9.1%) patient and 10 (90.9%) patients, respectively. Tumor size was ≤1 cm in 7 (70%) of the patients with papillary carcinoma. Hyperthy-roidism and recurrence were not observed in any of the patients with thyroid carcinoma during a mean follow-up of 27.3 months. Conclusions: The frequency of incidental thyroid cancer in patients with GD is unignorably high as the present study. The absence of nodules does not rule out the possibility of cancer. TT should be the preferred surgical treatment of GD.

The present work is devoted to formulate the enhancement factor of single enhanced, integrally machined finned tube boiling pure liquids in terms of active measures related to the boiling process. A new suggested correlation for the estimation of the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient was developed. The effects of the convective term due to the phase density differences and operating pressure on the boiling process were considered to stand independently. Eleven liquids, R-11, R-12, R-22, R-113, R-114,R123, R124, 134a, n-pentane, ethanol, water, boiling on the low finned tube, at different pressure for a heat flux in the range between (10) and (50) kW/m2 were considered. The total mean absolute error of the enhancement factors was (13.3%) for the whole range of data points. It was improved to be (10.8 %) for more than (95 %) of the data points. The correlation revealed its sensitive dependency for the enhancement factor on the parameters selected for its formulation. Most of the predicted enhancement factor values fell within (± 25) %deviation from the experimental data.

This study investigates the outreach and financial performance of microfinance institution in case of seka cokorsa woreda in seka town of jimma zone. The purpose of this study is to appraise the performance of seka town MFIs in terms of various criteria such as outreach to the poor and financial sustainability through comparing with each other. The MF industry as a whole is challenged by the need to reach the poorest customers and at the same time being financially self sufficient. Although the industry as a whole is growing at a faster pace still the two critical questions of reaching the poor and building a financially sustainable MF industry that walk on their own leg freely are empirical questions. This research paper, although will not solve these crucial questions, will at least contribute to the other researchers, practitioners and policy makers by showing where the seka’s MFIs are lying on the outreach to the poor, sustainability, and a couple of other performance dimensions. Secondary and primary are used in conducting this paper. Those data for the research was taken from some written material, website and sample respondents. For data analysis, we were use descriptive statistics, graphs and charts. There some factors that affect micro finance institution not to perform its objectives effectively and efficiently. The study also includes the presence of several challenges that constrain the MFIs operation not to be efficient.

eeds are different from the other pests that pose problems in crop production because the presence of weeds is relatively constant, while outbreaks of insects and disease pathogens are sporadic (Gianessi and Sankula, 2003). 1,800 weeds species cause serious economic losses in crop production, and about 300 species plague cultivated crops throughout the world (Ware and Whitacre, 2004). Weeds are the scarce and silent robbers of plant nutrients, soil moisture, solar energy and also occupy the space which would otherwise be available to the main crop; harbour insect-pests and disease causing organisms; exert adverse allelopathic effects; reduce quality of farm produce and increase cost of production.

The present paper is an extension of our previous paper [1]. In this paper shape descriptors are derived on binary cross diagonal texture matrix (BCDTM) after formation of morphological gradient on the wavelet domain. Morphological gradient is obtained from the difference of dilated and eroded gray level texture. A close relationship can be obtained with contour and texture pattern by evaluating morphological edge information. Morphological operations are simple and they provide topology of the texture, that is the reason the proposed morphological gradient provides abundance of texture and shape information. The proposed Wavelet based morphological gradient binary cross diagonal shape descriptors texture matrix (WMG-BCDSDTM) using wavelets is experimented on wide range of textures for classification purpose. The experimental results indicate a high classification rate.