Headway or inter-arrival time of vehicles is an important parameter in traffic flow, especially in urban roads, since this is one of the main parameters to determine the minimum (safe) gap between vehicles and the capacity. The studies done on headway analysis have mostly concentrated on homogeneous traffic where the flow follows lane discipline. This ideal situation does not exist on Indian urban roads, where the traffic is very heterogeneous, and do not follow lane discipline. A study of headway at different but similar locations of urban four lane divided (two lanes for each direction of flow) roads of a metropolitan city in India (Chennai) was made. The peak hour flow at these locations were observed to be high (varying from 3189 to 9987 vehicles). The study of headway, after removing the 5 % of long headways, at these location indicate that Log normal 2, Inverse Gauss and the Exponential distributions are the most appropriate ones for these conditions of flow. An attempt was made to study the individual inter arrival time of each category of vehicles in the traffic stream. Extensive data extraction was done and the analysis of headway of categorized traffic was made. Appropriate distribution for each category is recommended. The study will be a good input for modeling vehicle generation in simulation studies.

Determination of road capacity is a major issue for transport planners. Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles that can be accommodated per unit time under given condition of occurrence. Capacity studies for heterogeneous traffic situations are very complex and only limited studies undertaken. Here again there are several methods of estimation of capacity. However the major types of estimation can be classified under two broad categories as Direct Empirical Methods and Indirect Empirical (Simulation) Methods. Because of the complexity of the heterogeneous, high volume traffic on Indian urban roads, it is appropriate to model the flow parameters and adapt direct empirical methods for estimation of capacity. In this paper an attempt is made to study the fundamental details of traffic flow and evaluate the capacity of urban mid block section, particularly for a two lane divided cross section. The traffic data at ten locations in Chennai city was collected through video graphic survey. Detailed extraction of traffic headway (inter arrival time), volume and speed were made for every 5 minute time interval, covering both the peak and non peak period. Using the fundamental parameters, capacities of sections were evaluated by three methods, namely Headway method, Observed volume method and Fundamental diagram method. Detailed analysis of the arrival pattern of vehicles was made and appropriate distribution identified to get the mean headway. The Selected Maxima method assumes that the capacity state is reached during the survey period. As against the normal time slice of 15 minutes, a 5 minute time slice was considered for identifying the peak flow rate. In the third approach, a plot was made between traffic flow in PCU and the speed, to compare the relationship. Since the data was scattered, the enveloping curve technique was adopted, even though the usual pattern of speed flow curve is parabolic. The average capacity of a standardized two lane 7m) urban mid

Background: The endoscopic surgery for the breast diseases has been proven safe and aesthetic and named as video-assisted breast surgery (VABS). We also applied it for sentinel node (SN) biopsy. We firstly succeeded to fuse the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 3D-CT mammary lymphography (LG). It can show the detailed position of all SNs with or without RI uptake. Method: In 3D-CT LG, 2 ml of Iopamidol 300 was injected subcutaneously above the tumor and the periareola. CT scan was taken 1 minute after injection to produce a 3D image of lymph ducts and nodes. In the lymphoscintigraphy, 99mTc phytate 74mBq was injected, and SPECT was taken after 2 hours. We fused it with 3D-CT LG. SN biopsy was performed endoscopically by dye and RI method. The endoscopic view showed stained lymph ducts and SNs, which can be navigated by RI detector gamma probe. Results: We have performed SN biopsy with 3D-CT LG on 160 patients, RI with 3D-CT LG on 32 patients, and SPECT fused 3D-CT LG on 20 patients. We could detect the position of RI-positive SN on the axillary lymphatic mapping of SPECT-fused 3D-CT LG by a gamma probe during surgery. The average sampled number of SN was 2.3. The dye-negative SN and RI-negative SN could be removed endoscopically. There was no false negative study. The wound scars were only 1 cm long, and were inconspicuous and aesthetic. Conclusions: The endoscopic SN biopsy is aesthetic and less invasive, which is facilitated by SPECT-fused 3D-CT LG.

Mining regular/frequent itemsets is very important concept in association rule mining which shows association among the variables in huge database. the classical algorithm used for extracting regular itemsets faces two fatal deficiencies .firstly it scans the database multiple times and secondly it generates large number of irregular itemsets hence increases spatial and temporal complexties and overall decreases the efficiency of classical apriori algorithm.to overcome the limitations of classical algorithm we proposed an improved algorithm in this paper with a aim of minimizing the temporal and spatial complexities by cutting off the database scans to one by generating compressed data structure bit matrix(b_matrix)-and by reducing redundant computations for extracting regular itemsets using top down method. theoritical analysis and experimental results shows that improved algorithm is better than classical apriori algorithm.

In this article, I examine the evolution of corporate governance reforms in the emerging economy of China. I first describe the importance of corporate governance for development and driving forces behind governance reforms in china. After summarizing the evolution of governance reforms in china ,I identify major obstacles that impede their implementation in china namely (A)Highly Concentrated Ownership Structure (B) Lack of Incentives (C) Power of the dominant shareholder (D) Lack of Independence among Directors (E)Underdeveloped external monitoring systems (F) Corruption (G) Frequent Insider Trading (H)Falsification and Fabrication of Financial Data (I) Immature Capital Market (J) Shortage of qualified independent directors (K) Insider Control of Corporate Affairs (L) Weak Supervisory Board (M) Weak Auditing Profession

The aim of this study is to assess seawater quality and impacts of traditional ritual ceremonies on foremost seashore Navagraha temple. The seawater samples were collected at seven different station and water quality parameters were analyzed on the standard methods. Physicochemical parameter; pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total solids, biological oxygen demand, sulphate and microbiological indicators; total heterotrophic bacterial count, total fungal count, total actinomycetes count, and total enteric bacterial count were performed. These results indicated that the water highly exceeds the Indian primary seawater quality standards criteria-II. To prove this hypothesis unregulated celebrations of religious ceremonies are highly polluting the seawater and it cause significant adverse impact on human and marine biota. Our results can provide the potential value for alternative ritual activities and calls for urgent intervention by government management policy on a local and regional support future policy decisions and awareness.

Use of Image processing technique is increasing day by day in all fields and including the agriculture to classify fruits. Shape, color and texture are the image features which help in classification of fruits.This paper proposes an algorithm for fruits classification based on the shape, color and texture. For shape based classification of fruit area, perimeter, major axis length and minor axis length is calculated. Shape features are calculated by segmenting the object with the background using edge detection techniques. Mean and standard deviation is calculated for the color space like HSI, HSV which can be used for color base classification. Texture features is also calculated to enhance the classification process. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is used to calculate texture features. Artificial neural network is used for classification of fruits. Artificial neural network classifies the fruits by comparing shape, color and texture feature provided at the time of training. MATLAB/ SIMULINK software is used to obtain result. Results obtained are better over the previous techniques and gives the accuracy upto 96%.

The intensity of aquaculture is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. To meet the increasing demand new technologies are being used to enhance production. Recently the use of fish medicines in aquaculture is also seen among the farmers of our country. In the present study, the propensity of using harmful gas controller and oxygen supplier on the basis of farmers’ age, educational status and land ownership were studied. The study was conducted in six upazilas of Noakhali district, Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire survey of 77 fishermen by interviewing with them and discussing with the upazila fisheries officer, retailers of fish medicines and representatives of pharmaceutical companies and market survey. The propensity of using harmful gas controller was higher than any other medicines used by farmers of all upazilas surveyed. In the case 36% farmers showed their tendency to use, because most of the farmers had problems with harmful gases in their ponds. In case of oxygen supplier 22% farmers used oxygen in their ponds. Most of the farmers’ age ranged between 26-35 and 36-45 years who showed more tendencies to apply both medicines in their ponds. It was also found that the farmers whose education level was above higher secondary school certificate (HSC) showed more tendency to apply medicines. Farmers who were rich having 6 and above acres of land showed more tendencies than poor and moderately rich farmer to apply medicines in their ponds. The study clearly showed that, there was a relationship between farmers’ age, educational status and land ownership with the adoption of harmful gas controller and oxygen supplier.

This report describes a case of 45-year-old female with carotid body paraganglioma. This study was conducted in May 2014. CT scanning was performed using high-resolution techniques .The 3D Volume-Rendering reconstructions provided a selective visualization of the anatomic relationships among carotid body tumors, vessels, and surrounding osseous structures with excellent details. Both tumors were suggested to be treated surgically with histological analysis.

Alexithymia has been affecting the lives of people in many ways, though the affect is seen not immediately. Sometimes, it happens so subtly that other reasons with loud appearance are the only ones to be addressed, leaving behind the unfinished business keeping the question still unanswered or vice versa. Sexual Orientation, on the other hand, had been constantly gaining attention from various disciplines including psychology, medicine and law. Researchers have significantly associated sexual orientation with mental health. The present research aimed to study the relationship between alexithymia and sexual orientation. In the study, 60 heterosexuals, 5 bisexuals and 60 homosexuals (N= 125) were included. After filling up informed consent, they completed personal data sheet, General health Questionnaire (GHQ- 12), Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The results did not show correlation between alexithymia and sexual orientation (r = 0.03, p = 0.75). However, on further analysis, significant negative correlation (r = -0.60, p = 0.02) with high alexithymic score.