Phytate (myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6) hexakis - phosphate), a naturally compound formed during maturation of plant seeds and grains is a common constituent of plantderived foods. This paper is aimed to review the scientific information concerning the potential health benefits and adverse effects associated with phytate in foods. The adverse health effects of phytate in the diet is its effect on mineral uptake. Minerals of concern in this regard would include Zn2+, Fe2+/3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+. Especially zinc and iron deficiencies were reported as a consequence of high phytate intakes. In addition, a the adverse effect on the nutritional value of protein by dietary phytate is discussed. Consumption of phytate, however, seems not to have only adverse health effects but also potential benefits on human health. Dietary phytate was reported to prevent kidney stone formation, protect against diabetes mellitus, caries, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease as well as against a variety of cancers.

This paper seeks to link conservation of historicbuildings with a tradition of Islamic waqf.Its aim is to inspireuseful conservation lessons from this tradition for possible usein modern day practice. The paper investigates traditionalwaqf practice in the World Heritage Stone Town of Zanzibar todiscover how it managed to preserve substantial stock of itshistoric buildings throughout the times. The results of thispaper show that althoughwaqfwasoriginally intended forsocio-economic welfare of poor and disadvantaged, it isinherently coded with simple but effective heritageconservation philosophies.The philosophies pre-date theworld conservation movements and can be adopted to enrichthe present concepts.

This paper describes Two-word and Three-word Disambiguation Rules for Telugu language sentences, which are written in WX-notation. Generally in real life good number of words, which are having many meanings. If a word has many meanings, then we can call it as a word ambiguity. To resolve a word ambiguity, Natural Language Processing (NLP) system having lot of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) [1] methods. Among many methods, here we are proposing rule based method for Word Sense Disambiguation.

Background: Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to females. It carries with it the joy of being a mother and also the sorrow of guilt due to unclean feeling. Orthodox Indian culture does not allow open discussion about it and the associated problems. Aims: To measure the knowledge, attitude, & practice regarding menstrual hygiene among the adolescent girls & women in rural area aged between 15-50 years, in Anjarakandy Panchayat of Kannur district of Kerala. Settings and design: It is a cross sectional study. The data was collected by interview method by MBBS students under the supervision of investigators. There were 217 women who could be contacted during our visit to 3 clusters (in 3 wards) of households of Anjarakandy Panchayat. The first house was randomly chosen & subsequently each adjacent house was taken. All the eligible women who could be contacted during the allotted time were included. Material and Methods: The questionnaire consisted of both open ended & closed ended questions. Statistical analysis: The collected data was tabulated in Microsoft excel and it was analyzed in SPSS version 11.0. Chisquare test, proportions and percentage was used for the data analysis. Results: Most (76%) ladies have a positive attitude towards menstrual hygiene.Main reason (35%) for not using sanitary napkins was economic reasons. However 29% of the women opined that they were not aware of it & another 29% opined that they did not like it. Conclusion: 75.6% of women of the study population knew that menstrual hygiene is very important. Another 21.7% opined not important that it was. The attitude needs to be reinforced with the help of the stake holders in the community.

A series of compounds have been synthesized and estrogenic and anti-osteoporotic activities. The present paper describes synthesis, and the results of biological activities of accessed molecules.

Introduction: Of all human deaths in the world, in 2008, 63 percent are owing to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) of which 80 percent are in developing countries. In Jamaica for 2008, 50 percent of deaths occur to NCDs, especially among women and older people. The adolescence period is rarely seen for it contributory role to NCDs, which is the rationale for few research in the area among this cohort in English-speaking Caribbean. This study fills the gap in the literature by examining NCDs among adolescents. Objectives: The objectives are to examine the adolescence period as it relates to NCDs, evaluate health indices in this period and determine the prevalance of NCDs as well as disaggregate NCDs by socio-demographic characteristics. Materials and methods: A sample of 1,394 respondents ages 10 to 19 years from a national probability survey is used for this study. The data are taken from the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions, which is a modification of the World Bank’s Household Living Standards Survey. Results: The prevalence rate for NCDs among adolescents in Jamaica is 2.7 percent, 7 percent report having an illness and among those with an illness, 48.7 percent have NCDs (diabetes, 4.0 percent; hypertension, 1.3; Other NCDs, 43.4 percent). Diabetes begins in middle adolescence among poor rural females and hypertension starts in late adolescent among affluent urban females. Conclusion: The findings herein warrant public health interventions that are specialized to the sociodemographic and health realities of adolescents.

This study has evaluated the trends in investment, feeding and milk supply pattern on sample Dairy farms in Bikaner district of Rajasthan- the Arid zone (a typically Desert area). This study is based on the primary data which collected through personal interview method on pre-structured and pre-tested schedule for the selection on dairy farms, a complete list of all dairy farms operating in Bikaner was obtained and five dairy farms having herd size of more than 20 milch animals were selected randomly for the year 2010-11. The data were analyzed by using various statistical measures like averages, ratios and percentage etc. to arrive the conclusions. Most of the dairy owners were facing the constraints for the lack of management practices adoption were non availability of green fodder, inadequate quantity, high cost of feed and fodder, dry fodder, salt and watering lack of space in Dairy farms, lack of awareness, Most of the dairy owners were practicing scientific management practices ie. Feeding of green fodder, cleaning of animals and animal shed and health practices, deworming and treatment were adopting fully and totting, dehorning, hoof treaming, artificial insemination and vaccination practice etc.

An economic analysis of sample Dairy farms has been presented through studying their costs and returns. The average cost of production per litre milk was ` 14.27 and the average net return per litre of milk was ` 8.28. The input-output ratio was worked out 1.58 at overall level. The cost C was ` 1867599.61 per dairy farm and 333449.99 per milch animal and the net income was ` 1053011.60 per dairy farm and ` 18803.77 per animal. It was 10.50 litre, 11.53 and 15.80 litre for buffalo, Jersey cow and Holstein Friesian cow, respectively. In term of milk production as well as production traits, the Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows were more superior to buffaloes and local cows. Average milk production per lactation was ` 129374 liters per dairy farm and 4173 liters per animals. Out of total milk production, 7.47 per cent was consumed as fluid milk and 7.79 per cent used in processing for ghee, Dahi at home and remaining 84.74 per cent milk was sold as fluid milk. In general, 9.96 per cent milk was sold to the consumers directly, 19.35 per cent to the Hotel/Halwaies and 70.69 per cent milk was sold to the dairy plants. The annual consumption of feed and fodder per dairy farm was 238.27 q concentrates, 740.41 q green fodder, 1189.17 q dry fodder and 5.03 q salt. The annual consumption of fed per animal was 7.74 q concentrates 24.76 q green fodder 39.69 q dry fodder and 0.18 q salt. The constraints for the lack of management practices adoption were non availability of green fodder inadequate quantity for purchasing, high cost of feed and fodder, lack of space in Dairy farms,lack of awareness, among all dairy owners about scientific management practices and some dairy owners feel not necessary about management practices. Most of the dairy owners were practicing scientific management practices such as feeding of green fodder, cleaning of animals and animal shed and health practices adopted partially and few management practices such as dry fodder, salt and watering, deworming

In recent decades, the lean methodology and the development of its principles and concepts have widely been applied in supply chain management. One of the most important strategies of being lean is having efficient inventory within the whole supply chain. Managing inventory efficiently requires appropriate management of safety stock in order to compensate the weakness of the supply chain for product availability.A nonlinear cost minimizationsafety stock model with the objective of minimizing the total logistics cost is developed in this paper. This modelis also applied to a real-world case company which is a manufacturer.The model results in optimum levels and locations of safety stock within the company’s supply chain in order to minimize total logistics costs.

Existing classifications of temperament, characters,personality types and ways of behaviour are the disputableissues of the present-day scientific world. The origins of theclassifications rise from the ancient philosophy and medicinein China and India (VIII BCE), Greece (V BCE), Rome (IIcentury AD), England and Germany (ХIХ century), USA andRussia (ХХ century). Tremendous amount of the classificationswere worked out all over the world and not all of themwithstood the test of time. The references to Hippocrates’ andClaudius Galenus’ classifications occur chiefly, which aretangential with regard to mentality and psychic setup andbased on humoralism (humorism). Great empirical andexperimental materials have been accumulated in scientifichistory without harmonious systematization in view of theabsence of the integrated international system of classificationthat is the factor restraining the further development oftypology. There were curious incidents during typology march.Fourier described three hundred characters, for instance.Unfortunately, any ordinary person could not be able toremember all these descriptions. Since then, researches,finding and admission of the optimum types became the taskof paramount importance for the scientists.