This article deals with the realistic and effective use of biomass mainly as an energy supply, since the fuel production from crops and other biomass resources has attracted much attention in the world. Several concrete examples of the evaluation of biomass utilization were exhibited from two different standpoints. One was “qualitative” evaluation, which includes the ratio of input/output energy, a new index of CO2 emission reduction, the comparison of the electricity generation density using solar energy, and the energy efficiency of cars with different source of power. The other was “quantitative” evaluation, which means the amount and distribution of readily-utilizable biomass resources and a comparison between the supply and demand of these resources. In conclusion, it was emphasized that the priority of biomass use should be as follows according to its economical value: human food is greater than animal feed, which is greater than industrial material, which is greater than fuel (energy). Thus, the cascade-type biomass utilization system should be sought; in addition, biomasses should be used as a local energy source, not as an alternative to petroleum.

AustralianIndigenouspeopleexperienceseverelabour market disadvantage due to constraints embedded intechnology,inclinationtowork,formaleducation,lackofjobexperienceaswellasgeographicfactors.Indigenousprecarious employment grows in prominence when there is anabsence of jobs and particularly in remote regions of Australiawhereintergenerationalunemploymentisthenorm.IntheremoteGovePeninsulaoftheNorthernTerritoryofAustraliamanyEnglishilliterateandinnumeratepeople,withoutpreviousemployment,haveovercomevulnerabilitytoemploymentbyengagingwithaneducationalvocationalschemeinanetworkingarrangementwithgovernmentagenciesandtheresident miningcorporationRioTinto.ThispapervoicestheIndigenousworkrelevantaccomplishmentsduringthetwoandonehalfyearsafterinstallmentoftheprogramme, that is grounded in the interests and sensitivity tocultural continuities of the local Yolngu people.

One of the serious fearsfor Japanese societyiscontamination of radioactive substancesdue to the hugeearthquake and subsequentFukushima No. 1 nuclear powerplant disaster. This paper proposes a detection method to identifydiffusion sources of radioactive small particles in the air based onpublicly available data, which are composed ofair dose rate,amount ofrain, wind speed,and direction.Air dose rate isobserved on each public monitoring point. The nearest weatherobservation station for each public monitoring point concerningair dose rate is also identified to analyze the relationship betweenair dose rate and weather conditions. This method focuses on allcases of continuous rainfall duration, because various sizes ofspike concerning air dose rate on a public monitoring point areobserved among the cases. Each spike starts when rainfall beginsand the spike disappears when rainfall continues. This is becauserainfall cleans up radioactive particles in the atmosphere. Themethod confirmsastatistically significant difference of increaserate of air dose rate between each pair among rainfall cases. Italso identifies an existence range of direction of diffusion sourcesbased on significance tests of correlation coefficients.

Background: Cancellation of surgical operations in hospitals is a significant problem with many undesirable consequences. Cancelled operations can annoy patients and their families. They are a major drain on health resources, increases theatre costs, results in wasted operating room time and decreases efficiency.In spite of the extensive available literature on preparation of surgical patients and performance of surgical procedures, the focus given to the cancellation of planned surgical operations has been quiet restricted globally. Objectives: To determine the magnitude and point prevalence of surgery cancellation in patients scheduled for elective operation and it`s different reasons.Patients and methods: A prospective cross sectional study carried out in Omdurman teaching hospital for all patients scheduled for elective general surgical operations in one year (2012 August - 2013 August). Results: During the study 2750 patients were scheduled for general surgical operations, 2460 (89.5%) patients were operated on their planned date. A total of 290 (10.6%) operations were cancelled.Mean age was 41.2 ± 16.5 years with female to male ratio 1.2:1. There were many reasons for postponement of surgery; the main reasonswere categorized into medical related, patient related, administrative, inadequate preparations of patients and other reasons accounted for 30%, 25.5%, 21%, 19.7% and 3.8% respectively. The major three causes for cancellation in the study were; failure of the patients to attend uncontrolled high blood pressure and overloaded schedule, these were seen in 57 (19.7%), 35 (12.1%) and 32 (11.0%) respectively.Most of the reasons 76.9% were potentially avoidable. Conclusion: It was obvious that most of the reasons of postponement of elective general surgical operations were avoidable and can be prevented by simple steps.Cancellations can be minimized if the patients with medical problems were detected early and referred for an anaesthetic assessment soon after t

This paper presents a new method of solution for the aerodynamics of finite-span wings, which overcomes the difficulties of the previous methods. A lot of disturbance is created in the air when an aeroplane flies. It is through the study of these disturbances of the flow past the airfoil, lots of design considerations are done. In this paper, we design a 3D air wing and solve the flow equations in a CFD solver and study the characteristics features of the flow around a finite wing and the effect of the tip vortices that are caused by the difference of pressures between the lower and upper portion around the tips on an air airfoil.

The aim of this study was to investigate the decolorization of Acid Red 88 (AR88) using electrocoagulation and photo electrocoagulation techniques. Chemical dyes have the most practical usage in different industries, having an essential role in most water industries, they have a high solubility in water, thus, water wastes contain a high level of these dyes. An effective way of eliminating these dyes is electrocoagulation The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, electrolysis time and electrolyte concentration was studied. The electrochemical cell comprised Al as cathode and Fe as anode which were placed inside a container having a low pressure mercury lamp at the top. 40 mg.L-1 of dye solution was withdrawn for each experiment and after adjusting the electrode distance to 15 mm, current density to 41.8 A m-2, different electrolytes at varying concentrations were added and the absorbance was measured at several reaction times. The results showed that electrocoagulation was more effective than photo electro-coagulation using NaBr, KBr, NaCl and KClaselectrolytes and decolorization rate increased with increasing electrolyte concentration. Also the coupled system with NaF electrolyte showed better decolorization rate than electrocoagulation, but the decolorization rate was higher at low concentrations of electrolyte. Therefore, it is concluded that electrocoagulation was more effective than coupled system in most cases and type of electrolyte plays an important role since employed NaCl/KCl would enhance the decolorization rate considerably.

There are various Malay communities in WestKalimantan, which can be divided into two broad categories:(1) Malay migrants from outside Kalimantan (West Kalimantan)or contemporary Malays and (2) local Malays or native Malayswho are considered as indigenous Malays. ContemporaryMalays are Malay people who came from various areas inSumatra, Riau Islands, Malay peninsula, East Malaysia(Serawak and Sabah States), and Brunei Darussalam.Considered as the earliest settlers of the island, native Malaysin West Kalimantan are strongly tied to the Dayak people.Such ties can be defined in terms of horizontal relationshipsbased on kinship and vertical relationships throughintermarriage and reproduction. In this perspective, the Malaysand the Dayaknese can be considered as close relativesbecause the native Malays are originally members of Dayak tribe who converted to Islam and regarded themselves asMalays. Malay people are well-known for their strong Islamicidentity, as evident in the existence of numerous Malay culturalcenters spread across the sultanates in West Kalimantan. TheMalays and their culture are still thriving and flourishing amidstthe challenges posed by the rapid growth of other culturesresiding in their domains. Taking globalization as a prevalentcontext, it is interesting to examine how the Malays manage tomaintain their culture vis-à-vis the dynamics of other people(such as the Dayak people, the Madura people, and otherethnic groups) and to investigate how Malay culture influencesother societies and cultures. This paper aims to reconstruct the dynamics ofMalay culture in West Kalimantan. This historiographicalproject is undertaken by applying historical method whichconsists of several main steps: searching for relevant sources,selecting the sources, interpreting the sources, andreconstructing events as relevant to the main topic.Bibliography consists of local sources, documents, and worksof foreign sch

The effect of acute T.brucei infection on some ECG repolarisation indices like QT dispersion (QTD), heart rate corrected QT dispersion (QTCD), T wave voltage expressed as T/R, Mean electrical axis (MEA), Heart rate (HR) and plasma potassium concentration was evaluated in dogs. Ten dogs inoculated with 1 ml of Phosphate buffered saline diluted blood containing 1x106 of the federe strain of the parasite had their ECG recorded on weekly basis for three weeks. Plasma potassium concentration was assayed in each dog before the electrocardiogram. Supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular premature contraction, ventricular tachycardia and various degrees of Atrioventricular blocks were recorded from the eighth day of infection. T. brucei infected dogs had elevated heart rate during the period of infection in all the six leads studied. At various times during the infection, QT and QTC of the infected dogs were significantly lower than the uninfected ones in leads II and AVF. Although the T wave voltage was also increased in the infected dogs, the QTD QTCD, and the MEA were not affected by the infection. The QTD and the QTCD indices of arrhythmic dogs were however found to be significantly lower than in the non-arrhythmic dogs. The serum potassium concentration of the infected dogs was significantly lowered in the first two weeks of infection and then rose to the control level during the third week of infection. Serum potassium concentration in arrhythmic dogs was however not different from the non-arrhythmic ones. The increased heart rate and the shortened QT and QTC width seen during the course of the infection reflect the enhanced state of sympathetic activity and the propensity for arrhythmia in the infected dog. This result has shown that ECG changes and arrhythmia seen in this study may not strictly reflect structural and functional cardiac involvement but changes in ANS functions coupled with perturbation in electrolyte and the metabolic statues of the infected dogs may

Research communicate on is the practice of translating the output of research into practical and understandable manner. This phenomenological study looked into the lived experiences of 13 Ph.D. in Management graduates in the area of their dissertation research dissemination. Anchored on the central question, “How is the research output communicated from the research’s producer (researcher) to the potential users?” the researcher used a semi-structured questionnaire to capture the experiences of the participants in research communication. The responses were transcribed, went through the process of phenomenological reduction and analysed using Patton’s (1990) steps in phenomenological research analysis. The findings of the study revealed that participants utilized various communication strategies to disseminate their research outputs. This study also suggested that timeliness and openness to change are important features of communicating research outputs.

We present the performance of Computer network using OMNeT++ network simulation framework and Nclient application module from INET framework for our experiment. Present paper is the study of how datarate in affecting the performance of Computer Network. Main aim of the study is to find out the best configuration network setup to get optimum Network throughput. The performance of the Network is measured in terms of throughput.