The continuous development in the field of communication have paved the way for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP is a group of hardware and software that facilitates people to utilize the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by transmitting voice data in packets using IP instead of using conventional circuit transmissions of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). At present, VoIP is becoming an important tool for quick communication across the world. There are several Internet telephony applications existing at present. The major disadvantage in VoIP is that the packet delay. In VoIP, the terminology jitter is used to refer the type of packet delay where the delay has a huge setback in the quality of the voice conversation. Several packet delay techniques were proposed in recent years. Some of the important packet delay techniques are discussed in the literature. This survey would definitely help the researchers to carry out their research for providing better communication in VoIP without any delay.

Objective: To study the use of reconstructed3D brain surface imageto identify the precentralgyrus and its detail functionaldistribution. Method: There are a total of 12refractory epilepsy caseswhich need intracranial electrode implantation according to a preoperative assessment. In these patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) wereconducted pre-operation, and a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan was performed after electrode implantation. BrainVoyager software was used for 3D reconstruction of the brain surface by using MRI data, which was integrated with the subdural electrode CT. Based on the characteristics of the shape of the precentralgyrus, the precentralgyrus was marked in the reconstructed brain surface image, and the precentralgyrus and adjasentgyrus were found and identified in the surgical field by comparingthe typical shape of the exposed gyrus in the reconstructed3D brain surface image with that in theintraoperative photographs. The reliability of the precentralgyrus identified by the presentmethod was verified by electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) and fMRI. Results: All the 12 cases were performed 3D brain surface reconstruction and precentralgyruswas found and marked according to the characteristics of precentralgyrus. There were 101 electrodescovering the precentralgyrus and 73 (72%)of them had motor response to electrical stimulation. In the contrast team, (the area which is 1 cm ahead of the precentralgyrusidentied by the reconstructed3D brain surface), the motor response rate was 13% (17/130) (p<0.05). During fMRI, 100% of the precentralgyrus and 58% (7/12) of postcentralgyrus was activated during hand movement,with no activation of the areas ahead of precentralgyrus, so there was also significant difference between precentralgyrus and gyrus ahead. Therefore, the precentralgyrus identified by the presentmethod is accurate and reliable. Conclusion: It is simple and feasible to identify the precentralgyrusby using

Generally, listed companies are controlled by two main organs: the board of directors, and general meeting (GM).1 The GM is considered the supreme authority of the company, its powers stem from the company law and from the constitution of the company; therefore, resolutions of the GM should be compatible with the provisions of company law (CL) and constitution of the company; otherwise, the resolutions shall be subject to being deemed null and void. The same applies to the board of directors, which is considered similar to the executive power of the state and has specific terms of reference; thus GM cannot interfere in the work of the board of directors and vice versa. In this vein, these two organs depend entirely on each other working together to achieve the same objectives, and therefore, balance must be struck between them. Such balance is indicated in the definition of corporate governance by the Cadbury Committee: “Corporate Governance is the system by which companies are run. At the centre of the system is the board of directors whose actions are subject to law, regulations and the shareholders in a GM. The shareholders in turn are responsible for appointing the directors and the auditors and it is to them that the board reports on its stewardship at the AGM”.

Increasing the efficiency of solar cell is the prime concern in the field of photovoltaic technology as solar cell has become the promising source of renewable energy in recent years. This paper presents InxGa1-xN based multi quantum well solar cell for higher efficiency. In this paper the performance of the solar cell i.e., open circuit voltage, short circuit current and efficiency are justified with the variation of band gap difference and donor and acceptor doping concentration. The maximum efficiency is found when the baseline cell is designed at 1.424eV and the maximum efficiency is 30.17% and 31.94% for a band gap difference of 0.3eV and donor doping concentration of 5*1018 cm-3 respectively.

We compare the Standard Cosmological Model with the Model of the Selfvariations, based upon the cosmological data as we collect them since the time of Hubble. We selected to examine the 14 most fundamental pieces of data. The Standard Cosmological Model can justify four of these, it can justify two additional with some further assumptions, while it cannot justify the remaining eight. The Cosmological Model of the Selfvariations justifies eleven, while the completeness of justification of the remaining two is a matter of further investigation. We did not identify any piece of cosmological data that contradicts the predictions of the Model of the Selfvariations.

The effect of different levels of energy and protein on the utilization of zinc and copper were evaluated in four metabolic experiments. A total of nine growing castrated male balady kids having nearly the same age (8-9 months) and body weight (15-18kg) were experimented on. Kids were housed individually in metabolism cages in order to collect feces and urine. Four experiments, 3 trials per each were done on the same animals, with about 10 days as a rest period between one experiment and another, in which the animals were fed on control ration during the interval. The nine kids were randomly divided into 3 groups (A, B and C), 3 kids per each. The first group (A) was fed the control ration and used as control, while the other two groups (B and C) were fed the tested rations which furnished 15% more or less DE and CP than the control. Feeding the high energy ration increased the apparent absorption and retention of copper and decreased the apparent retention of zinc, while feeding low energy ration decreased the apparent absorption and retention of zinc and copper. Feeding the high protein ration decreased the apparent absorption and retention of copper, while low protein ration increased the absorption and retention of zinc and copper. Feeding the high energy-high protein ration increased the apparent absorption of zinc but decreased the apparent absorption of copper. On the other hand, low energy-low protein ration decreased the absorption and retention of zinc but increased the absorption and retention of copper.

Introduction: Asthma and other chronic airway diseases can be effectively treated by inhaler therapy. Inhaler therapy depends on appropriate use of the inhaler. For asthma, inhalation therapy is the foundation of treatment. Yet all too often, patients do not get the full value of their inhaled medications because they use their inhaler incorrectly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge among asthmatic children and their parents regarding asthma inhaler therapy and appropriateness of its use. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on assessment of adequate use of asthma inhalational medication in children. Results: Sixty one asthmatic children were involved in the study with a mean age of 4.67 + 3.69 years; 35 (57.4%) were males and 26 (42.6%) were females. Of 61 asthmatic children 44 (72.1%) were preschool children, 32 (52.5%) asthmatic children were living in a number of family 1-5, 28 (45.9%) were living in a family number of 5-10 and only 1 (1.6%) lived in a family number of >10. Nineteen (31.1%) asthmatic children had a family history of asthma.

Discrete structural models, as a basis for evolving a new design methodology, created the need for considering structural configuration as a variable. Existing energy methods and variational principles do not provide analysis link between pairs of structural configurations, whereas Principle of Quasi Work addresses this need. This is proved for discrete structural models by adapting Tellegen’s theorem used in topologically similar electrical networks. Several forms of the basic theorem and derivatives of Principle of Quasi Work are deduced. Its import on structural analysis is examined. Illustrative example of nonlinear structural system is included. Examples of linear and nonlinear structural systems are included.

A new approach, for antioxidant capacity determination was proposed. It is based on the using of the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system coupled with H2O2 electrochemical sensor. The paper presents the preparation and characterization of the H2O2 amperometric sensor and its utilization for antioxidant evaluation of some real samples (Garlic, tea and coffee). The obtained results were found in good correlation with reality.

Assuming that a particle follows the discrete Bernoulli process with a step size proportional to one over twice its mass and that the vacuum is made up of particles with the reduced Planck mass, one can derive both Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law of Electric Force using slightly different parameters of the process.Twoclasses of experiments, which could affirm the hypothesis,would indicate a preferred reference frame.