The most important objective of this study is to analysis a theoretical framework concerning five main corporate governance characteristic with the extent of voluntary environment disclosure provided by listed firms in Tunisia. These corporate governance quality are the percentage of independent directors to total number of directors on the board, the existence of a institutional ownership, the existence of dominant personalities (CEO / Chairman duality), and the percentage of ownership concentration. By means of a weighted qualified environment disclosure guide for measuring voluntary disclosure, the results designate that the existence of independent directors is significantly and positively related to the extent of voluntary environment disclosure, while the percentage Ownership concentration on the board is negatively related to the extent of voluntary disclosure. The study affords empirical indication to strategy makers and manager in Tunisia for implementing the three new board governance requirements on independence directors, institutional ownership and CEO/Chairman duality.

Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out with the aim of assessing the geochemical water composition and processes governing groundwater hydrochemistry in Alluvial Aquifer of the Modder River catchment in Southern Africa and the granitic fractured Aquifer of Pallisa District in eastern Uganda. This was based on chemical analyses of water samples from existing wells and new boreholes in the two study areas. From the analyses, there were significant variations in the quality/composition of groundwater in the period of sampling. The calculated SAR, Na% and RSC values indicated that the water is of good quality and is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes in the two study areas except for a few locations. Na and HCO3 are dominant with respect to the chemical composition of the groundwater. Detailed studies of the hydrogeochemical processes in the alluvial and granitic aquifer systems also shown that dissolution of silicate weathering, dolomite and calcite minerals, ion exchanges as well as anthropogenic influence to a lesser extent are the dominant hydrogeochemical processes that control groundwater quality. The increase in salinity is related to the dissolution of minerals in the host rocks and the evaporative concentration of solutes.

Let Y be a compact, connected 2—dimensional manifold with boundary. The homeotopy group of Y, denoted H(Y), is defined to be the group of isotopy classes in the space of all homeomorphisms of Yonto Y. This group (also known as the mapping class group) has been studied for various manifolds (see, for example, [2] and [3 ]). It is also possible to consider “subhomeotopy groups” where there are restrictions placed on the action of the homeomorphisms on the boundary of Y (see, for example, [7] and [8]). In this note we will consider the special case of a compact, connected manifold with exactly on boundary component. For the remainder of this paper we will assume Y represents a compact, connected manifold with exactly one boundary component and we willlet X denote the closed 2—manifold obtained by sewing a disk to the boundary of Y. Let Aut 𝜋𝜋1(X,x0) denote the group of automorphisms of 𝜋𝜋1(X,x0) where x0𝜀𝜀— Bd(Y). In this paper we establish the following result. Theorem. If Y is not aMoebius band or a disk, then H(Y)=Aut 𝜋𝜋 1 (X, x0) .

Customers are more particular about shelf life, taste and nutritious value of products when it comes to perishables, as compared to non-perishables, especially food items. Decisions related to stock size, price discounts, and aftershelf- life uses of such goods are relatively difficult to take. The majority of wholesaler of perishables generally manages their inventories and profit on know-how basis rather than using any objective criteria. This paper is based on a study conducted lately by the authors on inventory management and performance of supply chains of perishables. Monte Carlo simulation approach is used in this paper to find out economic stock size, amount and period of price discounts, and expected profit for wholesalers supplying eggs to a local market. The framework of this study has been adapted from two previously published studies on a related issue.

The increase in the demand for sand and gravel for construction and other purposes such as flood control has placed immense pressure on the environment where sand and gravel resources occur. This study was carried out to determine the environmental effects of sand and gravel mining in Luku, North central Nigeria, using field observations and laboratory analysis of soil samples. Field work was carried out in the area to determine the physical environmental effects of mining while soil samples were analysed at the National Geo-science Research Laboratory (NGRL), of Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA), Kaduna for trace elements using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method. Result of the field observations shows that destruction of landscape, reduction of farm and grazing land, collapsing river banks, deforestation and water pollution are the environmental effects that result due to sand and gravel mining in the area. Result of the chemical analysis shows that average concentrations of Pb, As, Cu, Ni, Cd, Hg, Ag and Zr are 47.8, 4.17, 50.9, 32.7, 2.48, 0.1, 0.8 and 496.1ppm respectively. These concentrations are higher than the average standard concentrations of these elements found in the upper continental crust. These higher concentrations may have very negative effects on plants and animals in the area and cause diseases such as brain and kidney damage, lung irritation, cadiac abnormality and event death to plants and animals.

Dislodgement of crown is not uncommon in routine clinical practice. Inadequate support for the core is the most common reason for such failures. With the advent of fibre posts and resin cements, core build up has become more effective. But sin certain conditions with severe deep bite, supra-eruption and mutilation, cast metal dowel core offer greater advantage compared to non-metallic posts and composite core. This paper presents two case reports in which modified cast dowel cores were used to restore severely mutilated teeth one with a buccal defect and other with severe deep bite and supra-eruption.

Islamic tourism is a new tourism destination in the world today. Through this tourism, religious duty was performed as well as knowledge achieved for wider dimension. By this way muslim can ensure satisfaction of Almighty Allah. The study reveals that there are huge opportunities to develop Islamic tourism in Bangladesh as it has a lot of natural beauties, Islamic heritage, cultural and archeological heritage, historic heritage, which might be potential tourism destinations. Various organizations including Organization of Islamic Conference can play vital role in this regard. The study also identifies problems in developing Islamic tourism in Bangladesh. And herewith we have provided some measures to develop this new trend of tourism to accelerate economic growth in our country.

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is a rapidlygrowing Internet service for telephone communication. However, while it offers a number of cost advantages over traditional telephone service, it can pose a security threat, especially when used over public networks. In the absence of sufficient security, users of public networks are open to threats such as identity theft, man-in-the-middle attack, interception of messages/eavesdropping, DOS attacks, interruption of service and spam. S/MIME adds security to the message itself and can be used to provide end-to-end security to SIP. S/MIME can also offer confidentiality or integrity, or both, but it does not provide any anti-replay protection. However, we propose to use a unified architecture for the implementation of security protocols in the form of a security toolbox system. It will prevent an attack against anti-replay.

Hurricane Ivan in 2004 and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 devastated northern Gulf of Mexico and its coastal regions with catastrophic impacts in some regions. On the basis of applied physics of air-sea-land interaction, following formulas are derived and validated using the minimum sealevel pressure (Po in mb) as the most important input. They are: (1) Maximum wind speed (in m/s)= 6.3 (1013 - Po) 0.5; (2) Max significant wave height (in m) = 0.20 (1013 – Po); (3) Max wave setup (in feet)= 0.11 (1013 – Po); (4) Max surface drift velocity (in m/s) = 0.22 (1013 – Po) 0.5; (5) Most probable shoaling depth (in m) = (1013 – Po); (6) Max storm surge (in feet) = 0.23*(1010 – Po)*Fs*Fm, where Fs is a shoaling factor (not the shoaling depth) and Fm is a correction factor for storm motion; And(7) Max bottom (seabed) stress (in N/m^2) = 0.016 (1013 – Po). Examples for the applications of these formulas are provided.

The diagnosis of Bourneville Tuberous Sclerosisthe „ forme fruste”- was established for a sixteen years old teen-ager, due to some typical cutaneous lesions, of angiofibromas type, wich appeared at puberty, lesions suggestive for the diagnosis. The imagery investigations confirmed the existence of the brain hamartomas and of the angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, supporting the diagnosis of Bourneville disease.