This paper mainly focuses on the personalization of the search engine based on data mining technique, such that user preferences are taken into consideration. Clickthrough data is applied on the user profile to mine the user preferences in order to extract the features to know in which users are really interested. The basic idea behind the concept is to construct the content and location ontology’s, where content represent the previous search records of the user and location refer to current location of user. SpyNB is the approach used to mining the user preferences from the Clickthrough data. The ranked support vector machine (RVSM) is performed on the searched results in order to display results according to user preferences by considering Clickthrough data.

In this paper, comparison is made to know the impact of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certification on organization’s profit after certification and before certification. Randomly pharmaceutical and beverages sectors selected from Karachi Stock Exchange listed companies in Pakistan. The annual data of profit from (1996- 2008) collected from Balance Sheet analysis (BSA) published by state bank of Pakistan (SBP).Mann Witney U test applied to compare two time periods and observed that there is significance difference between the profits of two time periods of both sectors.

Papua Island consists of Papua (Western part of this island) belongs to the country of Indonesia while the other Eastern side is the country of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Let me say that this island is an exceptional spot in this planet which contains approximately thousands of languages. Due to variety of linguistic systems over so many ethnics, a language or dialect must be exercised among citizens. Papua (used to be called Irian Jaya) and its people converse in Bahasa Indonesia as an interactive language, while PNG citizens speak both Pidgin and English as a Second Language. Thus, in order to speak among Papuans, a dialect of Indonesian version has been exercised, which is called Malay Papuan. This paper describes the distinctive features of this dialect version particularly its phonemic, morphemic systems. Prior to that, a glance concept of a dialect in its term and meaning and a brief historical of Malay dialect of Papua are presented.

The current design/manufacturing field looking for value added/engineering projects. In this study, an attempt has been aimed to predict the wear of the sliding surfaces in the development stage it self which will be results in the increase of durability of the components. The wear for a polymer-polymer sliding surface contact in dry condition can be obtained by creating simulation. There are two inputs required for determining the wear volume loss over its usage time. One is the nodal pressure value at the contact area for small sliding steps which can be calculated by subjecting the geometrical model to the finite element analysis. ANSYS was used as finite element tool. Another one is the friction coefficient which can be obtained by custom designed experiments. For the calculation of friction coefficient, prototype to be subjected to unlubricated pin-on-disc experimental setup. The wear rate can be calculated by graph by plotting between pressure and cycles. Swiveling of mirror over the base resulted in the wear. By the above techniques, the wear loss and reliability of the rear mirror can be predicted.

House model on comparative ST-TT analysis is leading to the assessment of the quality of the translation, highlighting mismatches or errors. This analysis is through lexical, syntactic and textual means. Her analysis also refers to what information is being conveyed and what the relationship is between sender and receiver. On the process of comparison ST to TT, errors are produced and categorized according to genre and to the situational dimensions of register and genre. These dimensional errors are referred to as covertly erroneous errors. Also, there are overtly erroneous errors which are denotative mismatches or target system errors. Then the translation can be categorized into one of two types: over translation or covert translation. Through the analysis of the translation and the source text, it is possible to determine whether the text is translated covertly or overtly and the translator made the write decision in choosing the type of translation in his rendering. This paper tends to apply her model on a short story named the Grapes of Wrath by John Stein Beck. It is translated by Mohammad Sadegh Shariati. This paper applies House’s model on this short story to find out whether the translated works is translated covertly or overtly.

The urban poor use heavy metal contaminated wastewater in production of crops to sustain their livelihood in Zambia. Despite the inherent dangers of food crop contaminations and potential health risks associated with consumption of heavy metal contaminated food crops, a lot of people engaged in wastewater irrigation farming as a source of livelihood in peri urban areas in Zambia. The study focused on the urban poor engaged in cultivation of crops using heavy metal contaminated industrial wastewater and domestic sewage in order to sustain their livelihoods in peri urban areas of Mufulira and Kafue towns in Zambia. To study investigated the livelihoods of people engaged in crop production using heavy metal contaminated wastewater. Two study field sites were selected in the peri-urban areas of Mufulira in the Copperbelt Province and Kafue in Lusaka Province in Zambia. The snowball principle was used to select informal crop cultivators at two study sites.A total of 31 crop cultivators were sampled at New Farm study site in Mufulira from 26th April, 2007 to 14th November, 2007 whilst a total of 29 crop cultivators were sampled at Chilumba Gardens study site in Kafue from 17th September, 2013 to 12th December, 2013. The interview schedules were administered to selected crop cultivators.The results indicated that the majority of informal crop cultivators had attained primary education and engaged in multiple livelihood activities for self sustenance. The majority of crop cultivators were poor by Zambian Government standards. There were multiple sources of labour while there were multiple markets for selling of crops. The benefits of crop production include improved food security at the households and income generation which contribute to accumulation of capital used to invest into other economic activities apart from crop production. Consumption of heavy metal contaminated food crops and informal access to the land cultivated were the major challenges. In conclusion the

Cluster analysis method is one of the main analytical methods in data mining; this method of clustering algorithm will influence the clustering results directly. This paper proposes an Advanced Clustering Algorithm in order to solve this question, requiring a simple data structure to store some information [1] in every iteration, which is to be used in the next iteration. The Advanced Clustering Algorithm method avoids computing the distance of each data object to the cluster centers repeat, saving the running time. Experimental results show that the Advanced Clustering Algorithm method can effectively improve the speed of clustering and accuracy, reducing the computational complexity of the traditional algorithm. This paper includes Advanced Clustering Algorithm (ACA) and describes the experimental results and conclusions through experimenting with academic data sets.

A survey of natural vegetation of Tehsil Takht-e- Nasrati, District Karak was undertaken in spring 2010-2011. Total 66 species were recorded during spring. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) were used for the plant community analysis. Plant species of each community type are presented together with the information on dominance and sub-dominance species. Four plant co- mmunities association i.e. Prosopis- Fagonia-Saccharum association, Zizyphus-Saccharum-Acacia association, Fagonia-Zizyphus-Eragrostis association and Aerua-Acacia-Cymbopogon association were recognized. Classification and ordination techniques provided very similar results based on the floristic composition and communities similarity. The results produced the source for the mapping division of plant life communities.

This is an original research on the selection of the trigonometric shape functions in the finite element analysis of the one dimensional elements. A new family of C0- continuity elements is introduced using the trigonometric interpolation model. To relate the natural and global coordinate system for each element of specific structure (i.e. transformation mapping) in one dimensional element a new trigonometric function is used and the new determinant has been introduced instead of polynomial function and Jacobian determinant. The new introduced trigonometric determinant allows for the state of constant strain within the element satisfying the completeness requirement. However, this cannot be achieved using the Jacobian determinant to relate the coordinates while using the trigonometric functions.The finite element formulation presented in this paper gives comparable results with exact solution for all kinds of one dimensional analysis.

The major process of discovering knowledge in database is the extraction of rules from classes of data. One of the major obstacles in performing rule induction from training data set is the inconsistency of information about a problem domain. In order to deal with this problem, many theories and technology have been developed in recent years. Among them the most successful ones are decision tree, fuzzy set, Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. Unfortunately, all are referring to either prior or posterior probabilities. The rough set concept proposed by Pawlak is a new mathematical approach to inconsistent, vagueness, imprecision and uncertain data. In this paper we have proposed a hybridized model THA (Training dataset on hybrid approach) which combines rough set theory, genetic algorithm and Boolean algebra for discovering certain rules and also induce probable rules from inconsistent information. The experimental result shows that the projected method induced maximal generalized rules efficiently. The hybridized model was validated using the data obtained from observational study.