This research aims at elimination of the sedimentation stage from water purification systems, here waters supplied from lakes. chemical are used to coagulate any remaining suspended materials before the filtration stage, chemical used include alum with some catalyst, such as poly electrolytes. An integrated 5,50 m high Direct filtration unit was constructed in the laboratory, it included four main units: an axial flocculating unit, a filtration unit , injection unit for pumping coagulants and clay materials, and a backwashing unit, a piezometric board is also included tot give reading at each 10cm of filter height . Water is supplied to the system through a constant head tank by gravity action. filtration is done through two mediums ,a crushed brick layer2 to 5mm sizes(30to40)cm deep and a quartz sand layer 0-.60to 0.75mm (30to40)cm deep. The partial part was done in two stages:- The first stage included the laboratory procedure, using the constructed filtration system, Baghdad water supply was used, with the addition of kaolin (fine mud used as turbidity)to increase turbidity to find the best combination of variables, loading ,to highest water yield together with highest efficiency, experiments were run to find the effect of filtration rate, type &and depth of filtration materials, effect of coagulating material and added catalyst in addition to the control of flocculation time and velocity gradient. The second stage included the study of the effects of magnitude of turbidity and type of coagulating materials on water yield & on efficiency of filtration system, experiments of this stage were run in habbaniyah, using lake water and water treatment plant of touristic village, by eliminating the sedimentation stage of the plant, the pressurized filtration unit was used, 0.2to0.5mm charcoal, 0.2to 0.5mm sand.

Internationalization is imperative for the future development of the universities. By internationalization we share our insights and knowledge and seek to learn from the experience, cultures and research of others. The purpose of this study is to discuss common trends and patterns of internationalization and analyze empirically that how internationalization of university is important for university prestige and excellence in education and research. The common trends in higher education are the expansion of education, the assurance of education standards and a quality education, encouraging of competition to promote excellence and to promote research and development internationally. The empirical evidences show that internationalization of universities is significantly important for the promotion of education and research as a symbol of excellence.

A network is defined to be a congested networkif the load on the network exceeds the capacity of the network. The traditional congestion control technique of slow-start and AIMD was adopted when the aim was more on the stability of the Internet. But as more and more time critical applications such as multimedia applications are being used, we need alternate technique that reduces the drastic fluctuations of window size present in the existing technique. Thispaper proposes a techniquefor fast delivery of packet for a time critical application.It reduces the packet overhead and time compared to existing slow-start and AIMD technique. The proposed technique uses information or intelligence from the unexpected packet received. It is a fine modification of the existing slow-start and AIMD technique by adapting them for time critical applications. We propose modification at both thesender and the receiver hosts without modifying anything in the intermediate hosts of the network. Extensivesimulation show that proposed technique reduces congestion in the network by reducing both packet overhead and time compared to the traditional slow-start and AIMD technique and delivers the packets in timely manner than the existing techniques.

The intention of this paper was to investigate the extent to which the African men in Dadaab refugee camps are able to meet physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self actualization needs for their families. To achieve this, the study sought to find out if the men were able to provide food for their children and if they were able to satisfy their sexual needs. The study further wished to establish if the men moved with their family members to the camp and if they were able to carry out their responsibilities as was expected of them and if they felt respected and fulfilled. Maslow’s (1970) hierarchy of needs theory was used to ground the study. A sample of 192 respondents aged between15 year to 55 years was selected for the study with the majority coming from Somalia while a few came from Ethiopia, Sudan, south Sudan, Congo and Uganda. A paper based questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to collect study data. The major study findings revealed that majority of the men were able to satisfy the physiological needs for their families by providing them with food and meeting their own needs for sex. They expressed concern that their children were sick often. A good majority of the men felt that they were able to provide security and a good home for their family mentioning the restrictions of movement as the only major security concern. A large section of the men felt that they met the need for belongingness well because they lived with their families, were able to get married while in the camp and also lived close to their clan members. With regard to the self esteem need a great majority of the men felt that they carried out their responsibilities the same way they would have carried them out at home. On the other had a section of them felt that the aid agencies had taken over their roles while many of them felt that their wives and children respected the decisions they made. Moderate percentages of the men felt they were rich by cultural standar

The purpose of the article is to review the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence and its effect toward organizational change initiatives. It is expected that IFRS will replace U.S. GAAP in the near future. Most importantly, in 2010, the Securities and Exchange endorsed the convergence of IFRS and also urged firms to switch from the existing U.S. GAAP guidelines to the IFRS. Additionally, the Big 4 CPA firms have also endorsed the implementation of IFRS. Most interesting, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has suggested that IFRS would be included in all Certified Public Accounting (CPA) exams starting in January 2011. From an educational perspective, this article will review U.S. universities/colleges accounting curriculums for student academic preparedness. At the end, recommendations will be offered to streamline IFRS throughout organizational and educational spectrums.

The financial system plays a pivotal role in economic activities in any country. Thus it is vital to determine the status and assess the financial health of the financial system and take corrective policy measures continuously. The objecitve of the paper is to evaluate the status of financial and banking system in Ethiopia. Descriptive statistical tools like percentages, growth rates, mean values and comparisons using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests have been used. Ethiopian financial sector in general and the Banking Sector in particular is performing well from year to year in terms of assets, deposits, loans and equities owned in the study period. Financial intermediation has increased during the study period as measured by Total Financial Assets to GDP, Financial System Deposits to GDP, Loans to GDP and Loans to Deposits. Ethiopia can be characterized as a least developed economy registering highest rate of economic growth. The financial sector is not that much developed in Ethiopia. Hence, the financial system needs to be developed to support the economy well.

Problems of Indonesian workers, especially domestic servants, often become the spotlight of mass media at home and abroad. Several researches have studied on Indonesian women workers from the aspects of human rights. This article discusses the headlines about Indonesian women workers contained in the Arabic-language sites on the Internet, using a critical linguistic approach to determine the extent to which the attitude of the Arab mass media in highlighting this problem. After conducting a research on selected vocabularies and grammatical structures used, this article finds that the headlines on Arabic-language sites on the Internet are mostly tendentious in exposing Indonesian women workers. This can be analyzed from the themes that appear in the media that are mainly in negative news. The choice of words, nominalization, passivation and others have contributed to marginalize Indonesian housemaids in Saudi.

The name of Nashrudin Hoja seems to be recognized by people in the world with their humorous anecdotes. Some research have studied Nashrudin Hoja with historical approach. This article use approach of humor and semiotic of fiction. From the analysis, is concluded that the figure of Nashrudin Hoja and Juha are real while character of Mullah Nashrudin is fictional. All stories of Nashrudin Hoja, Juha and Mullah Nashrudin contain humorous elements with different shapes and types. The stories of Nashrudin Hoja and Juha are anecdotes styled because the characters are real even though the stories do not necessarily exist, while the stories of Mullah Nashrudin are more fictional. The text of Mullah Nashruddin is more complex and difficult to understand, because the text aims to convey certain teachings to the readers through humor. Meanwhile, the texts of Nashrudin Hoja and Juha are merely more entertainment than for the educative purposes.

Learning styles refer to the variation that exists in the ability of people to accumulate interpret and assimilate information. A learning style is an individual’s preferred way of learning and scholars (Reid (1995), Wagaman (2008), Montgomery and Groat (1998) to mention a few) have established that when a teacher’s style matches the student’s learning styles then learning will occur. Research evidences (Howe 1997), Burham (2008) and Sax Leonard (2008)) support that gender plays a unique role in the way we learn. This paper thus seeks to investigate the relationship (if any) between gender and learning styles with its’ possible implications for language teaching. The paper draws conclusions that majority of females’ preferred learning style is the diverging and assimilating (thinkers than doers) while a greater percentage of the males fall under converging and accommodating learning styles (doers than thinkers). Girls are motivated by the desire to impress adults while boys are motivated by the object or material to be learnt. This of course has serious implications for language teaching. Lastly, language teachers are encouraged to develop their instructional packages to cater for the differences in the students’ gender and learning styles. Other stakeholders in the education industry are to accommodate the knowledge of different genders and learning styles in educational planning.

Language, verbal or non-verbal, is central to the survival of mankind because it is an important tool for communication, negotiation and the transfer or preservation of the literary as well as cultural heritage of a people from one generation to the other. The relationship between language, literature and culture is so strong to the extent that a change in one ultimately affects the other two. Every language is a directly mirrors the culture it serves - a language either enriches or impoverishes the culture it serves. Therefore, the influence of language on the culture and literature of a people has dire consequences for the sustenance or development of their indigenous education. Nigeria, like the rest of the world, has joined the terrace of globalization which has led to the import of foreign language(s), literatures and cultures into the indigenous way of life and system of education. Currently, increasing quest for the language, literature and culture of the developed countries of the world which are projected by globalization has denied the Nigerian child access to his/her indigenous system of education. A system of education which is rich in fables, taboos, folklores, and cultural rites/rituals is gradually being crushed under the weight and demand of globalization. This trend is common in Africa and it portends danger for the continued survival of the continent’s indigenous language, literature and culture. This paper therefore posits that there is a need for Africans/Nigerians to preserve and promote what is left of their indigenous language, literature and culture through the use of an indigenous system of education. The paper concludes by recommending practical ways of making use of the indigenous system of education within formal school system. This is the only way that the people’s indigenous way of life will survive the onslaught of globalization beyond the 21st century.