There have long been conflicting expectations of the nature of companies’ responsibilities to society. Some businesses have been practising what might be termed “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) focusing on corporate image management or other activities aimed predominantly at business benefits. This paper discusses why corporate social responsibility is no longer an option for business organisations nor is still about programmes to produce socially and environmentally friendly products. A new paradigm in corporate social responsibility for corporations in developing countries is presented in which they need to create a strategic partnership with supply chain members, support their strategic partners and understand the effect of their bought-in products on the society as a whole.

This study examined crimes situations and reaction of criminal justice system in Oromia, Ethiopia. It attempted to analyze incidence and types of crime, determine crime and criminal rate, appraise the efficiency and measures taken by criminal justice system, and provide possible explanations on crime situations using a selected theoretical framework. Sociocultural theoretical frame work is used in explaining factors of crime. The study was conducted in Oromia National Regional State for a year 2011/12. Document or secondary data analysis of official crime statistics was used to gather information on the issues under investigation. In addition, key informant interviews were employed with police officers and record keepers. Primary and secondary data sources were collected using checklist and interview guides. Descriptive statistics was primarily used to analyze the aggregate data compiled from the police statistics. Thematic analysis was employed for qualitative information. A total of 54,852 crimes were recorded in Oromia in 2011/12. Out of the total crimes committed in the region, the majority (70%) of crimes were reported from rural areas compared to urban centers. The top five zones with the largest number of total crimes in 2011/12 were Eastern Wollega, Western Wollega, Western Showa, Eastern Showa, and Northern Showa zones in a decreasing order. Violent or crimes against the person was on the top in terms of volume followed by “other crimes”. Aggravated assault was the single most crime item which constituted about 30 percent of all the 43 crime items. The crime rate was 200 per 100,000 people; offenders to offenses ratio was 1.76 and 2.62 for the total and violent crimes respectively. Criminal rate for population over 15 years old was 715 per 100,000 people. The top ten crimes in terms of number of total crimes recorded accounted for more than 90 percent of all. The court process of dealing with suspected offenders is characterized by inefficiency as most

In this present work a study about influence of the Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in the cylinder upon the performance and emission of a single cylinder diesel direct injection engine is presented. In order to achieve good swirl intensity in the cylinder, a grooved brass piston with 9 grooves with Diamond mesh cut configuration on the piston crown is selected. With this modification turbulence in the combustion chamber is enhanced. Also in the present work, performance of the engine is done with diesel along with 10%, 15% and 20% EGR, with 9 grooved piston (GP) with Diamond mesh cut configuration.

Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension is one of the most common causes of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the feto-maternal outcome and correlation with severity of PIH. Material and methods: 250 cases of PIH were studied and divided according to severity. The maternal and fetal outcome parameters were documented and analysed using statistical methods. Results: More the severity of PIH, more are the chances of maternal and fetal complications. Earlier onset of PIH was also seen more in severe cases as were the number of inductions. C onclusion: T he clinical course of PIH is progressive and is characterised by continuous deterioration that is ultimately stopped only by delivery. Early detection and appropriate management of the pregnancy may improve the outcome for both the mother and the fetus.

Since cover, copy, compare (CCC) has not been widely implemented for students with autism, one purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of modified (CCC) on spelling third grade core words for an elementary school student with autism (ASD). This study adds to the literature by having the participant trace the first time she wrote a word using CCC, the form on which the student wrote her words was modified so she could not view her previous performance. The present case report provides a replication of employing CCC with a student with autism. This intervention required the student to trace the spelling word, copy it, cover it, write it from memory, then compare the copied word to the original correct model. The effectiveness of CCC was assessed using a non-concurrent multiple-baseline across word sets. The results indicated that the intervention was successful for teaching spelling words to a single student with autism in a self-contained special education classroom setting. The use of a modified CCC with students with autism was discussed.

The issue of legitimizing political power has specific dimensions in the context of ample protest movements against the establishment from different countries. Which movements can be considered justifiable and which measures must the governments in question adopt? What role do the common values play in the legitimating of power in a democratic society? How do we make the difference between a legitimate appeal and an illegitimate one, between civism and terrorism? Here are a few questions according to which this article is synthetically structured.

Use of intravenous clonidine for prolonging spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine. Background: Several additives like clonidine are added to prolong spinal blockade. We considered using clonidine through intravenous route as it achieves peak plasma concentration more rapidly than oral or intrathecal routes. The aim was to study onset of analgesia and duration of sensory and motor blockade after spinal anaesthesia. Methods: Our study was a double blind prospective randomized controlled type of 100 patients. In clonidine group, intravenous 3 mcg/ kg of Clonidine diluted in 10ml of normal saline was administered after making the patient supine following the spinal blockade. In saline group, intravenous 10 ml of normal saline was administered. Patients were monitored until the sensory block regressed below L1 dermatome and knee flexion had recovered. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured. Results: The mean duration of sensory blockade in clonidine group and saline groups were 206.20 and 136.20 minutes respectively. The motor blockade in clonidine group lasted for 157.60 and 129.60 minutes in saline group. The highest spinal level achieved was between T4 to T8 level and between T2 to T8 in clonidine and saline groups respectively. The incidence of bradycardia and hypotension was comparable. Conclusion: Intravenous clonidine significantly prolonged the duration of spinal blockade.

The financial crisis strongly marked states around the world due to the increasing indebtedness of the states and of the banks, which went through, with few exceptions, a prolonged recession. The year 2014 seems to mark a new economic cycle, and the turnaround is seen in Romania, a state which has made progress in reinforcing and stabilizing the public finance sector, as well as resuming economic growth which must be followed by economic development. The concept of economic development ismore complex than economic growth, which involves the design of certain directions for long-term sustainable growth, based on the optimum use of available resources, on the continuous development of innovative potential and human capital, reducing social inequalities, etc., where the investment process has a particularly important role. From this perspective, analyzing factors that influence the attraction of foreign investments, as a vector of economic development in the international context is the most important –this will be the main objective of this paper.

The article investigates whether Brazilian firms with excess free cash flow (FCF) and low growth perspectives (Jensen. 1986), when there is excess FCF, accompanied by limited growth perspectives, managers have incentives to camouflage the impact of investments in projects with negative net present value (NPV) by presenting inflated profits. The study includes firms listed on the BMF&Bovespa in the period from 2008 to 2012. Discretionary accruals (DA) were estimated by the modified Jones model and then the relationship between FCF and DA was ascertained by multiple regression. The results indicate that firms with low growth perspectives and excess FCF are more likely to manage earnings to increase profits. Shareholding concentration and adoption of IFRS moderate this relationship (FCF x DA), i.e., in practical terms they restrict the propensity to engage in this type of earnings management. This study is relevant by identifying a tendency to manage earnings. Regulators and investors should pay particular attention to the accounting results disclosed in the presence of excess free cash flow and low growth perspectives.

The delay less SAF scheme in an ANC system involves the decomposition of input noise (i.e., the reference signal) and error signals into sub bands using analysis filter banks, and combining the sub band weights into a full-band noise canceling filter by a synthesis filter bank called weight stacking. Typically, a linear-phase finite-impulse response (FIR) low-pass filter (i.e., prototype filter) is designed and modulated for the design of such filter banks. The filter must be designed so that the side-lobe effect and spectral leakage are minimized. The delay in filter bank is reduced by prototype filter design and the side-lobe distortion is compensated for by oversampling and appropriate stacking of sub band weights. Experimental results show the improvement of performance and computational complexity of the proposed method in comparison to two commonly used sub band and block adaptive filtering algorithms. Sub band adaptive filtering (SAF) techniques play a prominent role in designing active noise control (ANC) systems. They reduce the computational complexity of ANC algorithms, particularly, when the acoustic noise is a broadband signal and the system models have long impulse responses. In the commonly used uniform-discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -modulated (UDFTM) filter banks, increasing the number of sub bands decreases the computational burden but can introduce excessive distortion, degrading performance of the ANC system. In this paper, we propose a new UDFTM-based adaptive sub band filtering method that alleviates the degrading effects of the delay and side-lobe distortion introduced by the prototype filter on the system performance