The present study was investigated the biochemical effect of two molluscicides baits Methomyl and Diazinonon the tissues of the land snail, Theba pisana. The activities of three vital enzymes, total protein (TP) and total lipid (TL) were laboratory tested. The enzymes were aspartate amino transaminase (AST) ; alanine amino transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALK).Results showed that all tested molluscicides lead to increase the activity of AST, ALT and ALKin the tested land snail, Theba pisana, except Diazinon 1% treatment showed a decrease in AST and ALK when applied against the land snail. On the other hand, the level of total protein was increased after treatment with Methomyl 5% and 3% and Diazinon 5% and 3% , while decreased after treatment with Methomyl 1% and Diazinon 1%. The level of total lipid was increased with Methomyl 5%, 3%, 1% and Diazinon 5%, 3%but decreased with Diazinon 1%. In general, two molluscicides were significantly affected on the activities of enzymes, total lipid and total protein compared with control treatment when applied against the tested snails.

Introduction: An educational program was designed to improve relevant competence in brain anatomy, pathology, CT technique and physics among radiography students training at the section of neuroradiography, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål. Method and Materials: The educational program consisted of lectures, a compendium, hands-on lessons and competence testing. The lectures and compendium focused on brain anatomy, pathology, CT technique and physics. All second year radiography students at the University College in Oslo completed the same competence tests before and after their hospital training. This allowed a comparison of the competence improvement among students who followed the educational program, with those who did their training elsewhere (the control group). The second year class comprised of 40 students. 29 took the initial test. Out of this number 12 participated in the program while the remaining 17, defined above as the control group, did not. A total of 30 students however took the final test. 3 students who actually took part in the program opted out of the final test, reducing the number to 9 while the number of students in the control group was increased to 21 because 4 students who did not take the initial test joined the control group at the final test. Results: Radiography students who participated in the educational program improved their test score from 31% to 61%, while the control group improved their score from 33% to 34%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a pronounced improvement in level of competence among students who followed the educational program.

For almost a decade now, Maiduguri urban has been faced with security challenges which were believed to have negatively affected the growth and expansion of the city, hence the need for proper assessment of the rate and pattern of the urban expansion within the last one decade. Google images of 2002 and 2012 of Maiduguri urban were downloaded from the Google Earth Pro, the images were then referenced, classified and reclass into four main classes of undeveloped areas, developed areas, water body and bare surfaces. The area module of the Idrisi Andes was then used to calculate the area of the classes of the re-classed images. The calculated areas were then used to derive the trends, magnitudes and the annual changes of the urban during the study period, while the image calculator module of the Idrisi Andes was used to delineate the actual places where built-up existed between 2002 and 2012. The study revealed that a total land area of 15.1km2 was occupied with built-up within the decade. It was also revealed that most of the expansion in the urban took place at the periphery of the urban notably, the University and its environs, Baga road, Bulumkutu/ Ngomari area, the land area between Biu and Damboa road as well as some areas in old Maiduguri. It was recommended that constant urban monitoring should be undertaken by the government so as to have an in-depth idea of the rate and pattern of urban growth for proper planning and sustainable development.

Safe drinking water is a necessity for life. Providing quality drinking water is a critical service that generates revenues for water utilities to sustain their operations. Population growth put an additional strain on the limited resources. The annual volume of water lost is an important indicator of water distribution efficiency, both in individual years, and as a trend over a period of years. Application of deterministic simulation model on public water supply variables reveals the volume of non-revenue water (NRW) and its cost effects have further created a complex system for the availability, distribution and affordability of the utility. Gradual annual increase in public water supply (AWS) from 9.0 *106m3 to 14.4 * 106m3 had negative effect on annual water accessed(AWA) with R2 = 0.096; and highly significant with annual water loss (AWL) with R2 = 0.99. This development indicates that water loss mainly through leakages and bursts is a function of public water supply. Hence, estimated volume and cost annual revenue water (NRW) in Akure is 6 million m3 and 15.6 million USD respectively. Critical analysis shows that the lost annual revenue could be used to provide education and health services for a period of 6-month in the region.

The visual art should aim at the good (ma’aruf) things, lawful and moral. The soul of art must be lean towards the nature of human beings. This is because the freedom of soul in designing the art is very much related with the purity of its nature awarded by the Almighty, Allah S.W.T. Basically, art and intelligent in terms of its function are quite similar, in which the inclination is in the acknowledge and the relation with the universe, Godhead, spiritual as well as the physical world. Thus, the realization of the greatness of God and the uniqueness of His creation. Despite the pressures of modernization, this study refers to the fact that Islam is synonymous regardless of place and time, which indirectly strengthen the facts that every Muslim art should be view as an Islamic way of life.

Drugs are eliminated from the body either unchanged as the parent drug or as metabolites. Nimesulide drug belongs to a wide class of medicines called antiinflammatory nonsteroidal drugs (NSAID). NSAIDs are well known for their antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Renal clearance of nimesulide correlated with creatinine clearance. The present research work was planed to determine urinary excretion and renal clearance of nimesulide after its oral administration. Blood and urine samples of the human male volunteers (n=10), after the oral administration of drug, were collected at predetermined time intervals. The concentration of the nimesulide in urine and plasma of male volunteers was determined by HPLC. Statistical analysis was performed in order to determine the significance of the results.

Background: Malarial infection associated with common hematological abnormalities like anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia is due to occurrence of cold agglutinins. This study throws light on the prevalence of cold agglutinins in patients with malarial infection and their detection. Method: About 150 patients diagnosed as having Malaria by Peripheral smear, QBC for malaria or by Rappid diagnostic test for Malaria were studied for occurrence of cold agglutinins by Cold agglutinin test. Results: Out of 150 Patients, who are diagnosed as positive for malaria, 83.3% of the patients had negative for cold agglutinin and only (4%) were found to have high titers of cold agglutinins. The mean age group of the patients who were positive for the test was 45.25 ± 19.7 years. The Hemoglobin percentage and platelet count in cold agglutinin positive patients were 8.85 (± 3.72) gms% and 1, 03, 500 (± 1.16) respectively.

Post partum haemorrhage is the main cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Tranexamic acid is a cheap, easy to use and relatively safe medication that is gaining popularity as a management option for obstetric haemorrhage. It is already widely used to limit bleeding in trauma and many major surgeries. This review examines the evidence surrounding its use to control bleeding at the time of delivery.

Safe drinking water is a necessity for life. Providing quality drinking water is a critical service that generates revenues for water utilities to sustain their operations. Population growth put an additional strain on the limited resources. The annual volume of water lost is an important indicator of water distribution efficiency, both in individual years, and as a trend over a period of years. Application of deterministic simulation model on public water supply variables reveals the volume of non-revenue water (NRW) and its cost effects have further created a complex system for the availability, distribution and affordability of the utility. Gradual annual increase in public water supply (AWS) from 9.0 *106m3 to 14.4* 106m3 had negative effect on annual water accessed(AWA) with R2 = 0.096; and highly significant with annual water loss (AWL) with R2 = 0.99. This development indicates that water loss mainly through leakages and bursts is a function of public water supply. Hence, estimated volume and cost annual revenue water (NRW) in Akure is 6 million m3 and 15.6 million USD respectively. Critical analysis shows that the lost annual revenue could be used to provide education and health services for a period of 6-month in the region.

With fast pace growth in technology, we are getting more options for making better and optimized systems. For handling huge amount of data, scalable resources are required. In order to move data for computation, measurable amount of time is taken by the systems. Here comes the technology of Hadoop, which works on distributed file system. In this, huge amount of data is stored in distributed manner for computation. Many racks save data in blocks with characteristic of fault tolerance, having at least three copies of a block. Map Reduce framework use to handle all computation and produce result. Jobtracker and Tasktracker work with MapReduce and processed current as well as historical data that’s cost is calculated in this paper.