The present study aims at nitrification of fish processing wastewater using mixed cultures of nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor. Parameter optimization of the process is done by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Central-Composite design is used to optimize the various parameters for nitrifying cultures. The process parameters namely, the pH, temperature, microbial load and effluent concentration are optimized. Optimized values are obtained from the second order polynomial equation that resulted from the Central-Composite design. The physical - chemical characteristics of fish processing wastewater are presented. Their values show the alkaline nature and high levels of COD and BOD values. The capability of the various models, namely, Logistic, Monod, Herbert, Shehata & Marr, Tessier and Haldane models in representing the batch kinetic data of the present work are reported for mixed nitrifying cultures, while Logistic model is best suited in describing the nitrification of the fish processing waste water. Experimental data collected in a Rotating Biological Contactor using mixed culture, operated on a batch basis for twenty two days with an average organic loading rate of 150 mg/L of ammonia at 20 rpm are reported for every twenty four hours. The future research is proposed for the nitrification of waste water using isolated nitrifying organism from soil for ammonia degradation.

This article is a discussion on the anthropological endeavour of understanding health and ill-health as they are structured through culture and social organisation. Three themes can be distinguished as; demographic specifics in health studies, ethnographic analysis and comparative studies which, I argue are some beneficial if not necessary approaches in the study of life- and health patterns among vulnerable groups in society.

This paper proposes a design for position control of sensor-less Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive by means of the back electromotive force (EMF) method. A fuzzy controller based on regenerative observer is employed to control the BLDC motor drive. Most of the existing sensor-less methods have low performance at transients and low speed range. The controller is designed to overcome this problem. The whippings are avoided by the proposed controller using fuzzy switching gain adjustment. Additionally, the model for BLDC motor is also derived. Simulation results confirm the better performance and higher efficiency of the proposed model.

Nanocomposites have attracted the attention of scientists during the past few decades due to their superior mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical characteristics. This paper studies the potential of using Nanoclay woven Kevlar laminated composites to enhance the impact the mechanical and thermal performance. The variation of Nanoclay percentage usually lead to different thermal characteristics of the resulting composite. Various percentages of Nanoclay added to the woven Kevlar composites were studied ranging from 0% to 9.4%. The results showed that the nanoclay reinforced composites showed a considerable change in the thermal characteristics of the considered samples. Thermal gravitational and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed and it was found that the decomposition temperature of the pure vinylester was increased by the addition of the Nanoclay, whereas the glass transition temperature was little affected. The results of the infrared spectrum analysis indicated the presence of both nano materials and polymers at various frequencies.

This paper provides an effective design of computing technique of a distributed bioinformatics computing system for analysis of DNA sequences using OPTSDNA algorithm. This system could be used for disease detection, criminal forensic analysis, gene prediction, genetic system and protein analysis. Different types of distributed algorithms for the search and identification for DNA segments and repeat pattern in a given DNA sequence are developed. The search algorithm was developed to compute the number of DNA sequence which contains the same consecutive types of DNA segments. A distributed subsequence identifications algorithm was designed and implemented to detect the segment containing DNA sequences. Sequential and distributed implementation of these algorithms was executed with different length of search segments patterns and genetic sequences. OPTSDNA algorithm is used for storing various sizes of DNA sequence into database. DNA sequences of different lengths were tested by using this algorithm. These input DNA sequences varied in size from very small to very large. The performance of search technique distributed system is compared with sequential approach.

Background and Aim: Obesity is a chronic disease that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Bariatric surgery could be the definitive clue in many situations. Medical management and follow up of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery is a challenge opportunity due to post operative complications. A new modified intestinal bypass (MIBP) operation was designed to maintain good digestion and selective absorption with less medical and surgical complications. Patients and Methods: We experienced 157 patients medical follow up ; 122 females (78.2%) and 34 males (21.8%) , who have undergone a new modified intestinal bypass (MIBP) surgery ; (Elbanna operation) as well as we evaluated Excessive weight loss (EWL), nutritional supplements, motility disorders, and fatty liver for consecutive 3 years after operation. Conclusion: MIBP surgery (Elbanna operation) solved the medical problem of nutritional deficiency post intestinal bariatric surgeries. Our concept changed from maldigestion and malabsorption to good digestion and selective absorption.

Murphy’s Law is commonly expressed that ‘if anything can go wrong it will’ and is believed to have been founded between 1940 and 1950.This law has been associated with many problems and failures.Murphy’s Law can at times be seen as a threat of impending dangers and disasters since disasters can strike anytime and anywhere. Disasters can include workplace violence, fires, arson, and flooding, drought, terrorist acts, hazardous material spills e.t.c.Murphy’s Law can be a reminder for a holistic and integrated approach to disaster preparedness and mitigation so that communities participate in the process using local materials and being part of the process. This makes the communities resilient.At work place, implementing a continuous programme of testing and role-playing, safety and security professionals involved in contingency planning can dramatically improve their organizations chances of cutting loss when a disaster strikes.Strategic planning and contingency plans have come about so that Murphy’s Law does not prevail.However, Murphy’s Law can prevail if there is no disaster preparedness, mitigation and when contingency plans are filed away in cabinets and forgotten.

Background: Aim of the present study was to observe the measurements of septal papillary muscles present in tricuspid valve of human heart. Measurements of septal papillary muscles in tricuspid valve gains utmost importance in cardiac surgeries because they are the causes of myocardial infarction in recent times because of its variations and detection of these causes by advent in modern technologies which will help in treatment of tricuspid valve diseases. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 96 normal formalin fixed human heart specimens. Dissection was performed according to standard techniques. Septal papillary muscles were observed and length, width and thickness of each muscle are measured and documented. Results: In the present study, numbers of septal papillary muscles were present with a frequency of 0-2, with most common appearance of 1 muscle in 67 hearts (69.8%) and least common incidence of 2 muscles in 6 hearts (6.3%). Septal papillary muscles were present in 73 (76%) hearts. In measurements, septal papillary muscle mean height was 0.7±0.22 cm, mean width was 0.48±0.16 cm and mean thickness was 0.34±0.12 cm respectively. Conclusion: We hope this study will serve to understand the morphometry of septal papillary muscles better and will help in various surgical procedures and cardiac treatment done on tricuspid valve.

The complexity of finite object was introduced by A.Kolmogorov and V.Tihomirov in [2] and it was conjectured that for Z actions complexity coincides with topo- logical entropy, [2] ; [12] , [14] : In the present paper we introduce complexity for Zn actions and prove the Kolmogorov assertion for continuous actions of Zn: After, We will examine the relation between the average complexity of trajectories and the complexity for Zn actions.

In present scenario, choosing the routing protocol is vital task in mobile ad-hoc networks. These type of networks is collection of nodes which are connected dynamically and situated without using any infrastructure. There are various types of routing protocols have been implemented such as OLSR, DSR, DYMO, AODV, DSDV, BATMAN etc. These are implemented in specific simulation environments. In this research, an analysis has been done to choose the appropriate routing protocol. A comparison based on relative results is prepared for DYMO, OLSR and DSR protocol. A sample network is simulated to try these three routing protocols over a set of parameters. DYMO and DSR protocols found more difficult and OLSR protocol has better performance in comparison of both DYMO and DSR. This simulation has been carried out using OMNeT++ simulation framework