The Mau Ogiek, an ethnic minority, hunter and gatherer group, wear their indigenous dress to-date. African culture has faced physical and psychological destruction and demonization by non-Africans. Due to psychological destruction of African dress, African Clothing and Textiles scholars have failed to study the dress, resulting in scarce literature on indigenous dress. This paper discusses how the Mau Ogiek apply their non-material culture on their ethnic dress. The research design was hermeneutic discursive interview. The study area was the Mau Forest Complex, Nessuit location with a population of 2600 adult Mau Ogiek people. Judgement sampling was employed to select the sample of 84 consultants. Data were collected by keyconsultant in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), augmented by photography and observation. Thematic analysis was employed in the interviews and FGDs. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on the photographs and dress collections. Folkways dictate men to fasten oguri et op poinet on the right shoulder. Mores require women to conceal their bodies, thus leginjus extends from the chest to the calves. Clothing customs distinguish the genders through mwenigg op itig and ilmintoisieg. The economic value entails constructing oguriet op inderit from hyrax skin. Belief in the “evil eye” occasioned pirir orog. White signifies youth and is extensively used in beadwork. Rwage op lakwet symbolizes a child’s entry into the world of kin. Indigenous knowledge dictates that the motoget is made from scraped hyrax skin, as it is light and durable. A diffused authority requires a girwogindet to wear oguriet op saamput and rungut op metit. The people’s ethnic dress provides a cross-cultural view in adapting concepts, theories and practices of dress to an African ethnic group.

Grameen Bank (GB), a micro credit organization in Bangladesh, targets adult women who were illiterate, using non-formal adult learning techniques. GB’s adult learning information has ‘Sixteen Decisions’ which inculcate the socioeconomic expectations aimed at improving the socialeconomic well-being of GB borrowers. It is important to know the efficacy of adult learning strategies that has used by GB to create this paradigm shift and transformation in local communities. How does the GB adult learning process enables GB’s women borrowers to mobilize group solidarity, leadership development and apply the sixteen decisions in their daily life? How can other NGOs and other countries benefit from GB’s women adult learning procedures? These question are answered in this paper which uses the available literature on adult learning, literature on GB as well as the author`s personal working experiences with GB to interrogate the application of non-formal adult learning which creates transformation shift in socio-economic well- being on women borrowers life. The objective of this study is to present the impact of GB non-formal adult learning on the socio-economic development in local communities. The study finds GB nonformal adult learning programs impacted upon GB women borrowers’ socio-economic development in Bangladesh. Exponential improvements in literacy is happening, (100%) of GB borrowers are able to sign their names on the documents which show signs of achievements in adult learning. However, if GB non-formal adult learning strategies could streamline, this would generate more non-formal adult learning social justice reforms among the borrowers of GB in Bangladesh

Following a national trend, home-based businesses grew in Maui County during the 1990s. Some Maui County residents engaged in the vacation rentals business in order to serve the tourism industry. They did this by renting their homes or part of their homes as transient vacation rentals (TVRs). According to a former Mayor, the Maui County Council in the early nineties focused on growing the home-based vacation rental segment of tourism. This was then seen as part of an expanding worldwide trend. The public then clearly and enthusiastically supported incorporating the industry into the community as a growth industry (Arakawa, 2007).

Halofantrine (Hf) is a poorly water-soluble drug for treating malaria in endemic areas like tropical Africa, where caffeine-containing products are habitually consumed. Previous reports showed that caffeine increased the aqueous solubility of Hf at room temperature over 3 days. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine and caffeinecontaining beverages on dissolution and solubility of Hf and to investigate any possible interactions. The aqueous solubility and dissolution of Hf alone and in the presence of caffeine was investigated at pH 1.3, 5.9 and 7.4 using standard methods. The solubility of Hf in the presence of aqueous extracts of cocoa, coffee, black tea and green tea at pH 5.9 was also investigated. In 1 hour, caffeine markedly increased the aqueous solubility of Hf at pH 1.3, 5.9 and 7.4. Caffeine and caffeine-containing beverages markedly increased the aqueous solubility of Hf by between 100- to more than 1600- fold, with a 1672-fold increase by caffeine (from 76.6 ±7.8 ng/mL to128.2 ± 4.5 mg/mL) at pH 5.9. The dissolution of Hf tablets at pH 1.3, 5.9 and 7.4 showed the respective amounts released as 3.57 ± 0.09, 0.95 ± 0.19 and 0.260 ± 0.043 mg, but introduction of caffeine increased these values to 9.51 ± 0.23, 3.70 ± 0.12 and 0.52 ± 0.10 mg respectively, representing 3-fold, 4-fold and 2-fold respectively. These results prove physico-chemical interaction between caffeine and halofantrine. The consequence of this finding is unknown but may affect malaria chemotherapy when Hf is administered concurrently with caffeine-containing products.

Religious diversity in Malaysia can be a vital instrument in unifying its people. However, it can also become the main challenge to create peaceful co-existence because religious sentiment can easily be debated and difficult to handle. Therefore, it is very essential to manage religious issues wisely and with sanity as conflicts in religion contribute to instability in unity among people of different religions (Ainon Kuntum 2003). It is not easy to achieve unity among different ethnicities and religions in Malaysia because it does not only depend on macro factors such as political changes, economy, social and episodes in a history. It also involves micro factors that happen in daily interactions (Budi Anto Mohd Tamring 2008). In accordance to this, efforts towards achieving peaceful co-existence among the people are social responsibilities that have to be worked on collectively beyond ones religion’s beliefs. Unity among different religions and ethnicities depends on the attitudes of people towards the issues on inter-religious relations. This article discusses three approaches and the stands of the people with different religions in Sabah on a few issues related to interreligious relations, namely on its exclusivity, inclusively and plurality. Based on the approach, it is found that harmony in socialization, integration and cooperation among religions is shown significantly in the daily interaction among the Muslims and non-Muslims which has brought towards peaceful co-existence among the different religions in Sabah.

The intention of this study was to establish the work related factors that contribute to stress and burn out among primary school teachers in Kasarani. To achieve this, the study sought to investigate the role played by overload in terms of lessons taught per week and class size. The study also explored whether school type (public or private) had any relationship with work stress. In addition the study sought to establish were years of teaching experience, gender and their relationship with work stress. Data were collected from 120 teachers through a paper based questionnaire. Majority of teacher reported work overload (50.83%) against 43.33% who reported mild overload while only 5.84% reported no overload. With regard to burn out, a high percentage of teachers 61.67 reported to have experienced burn out while 35.00% reported mild burn out and only 3.33% reported no burn out. Analysis of variance revealed statistical significance between role overload and burn out. The findings further revealed that teachers in public schools experienced higher work stress than their counterparts in the private secondary schools. Neither length of service nor gender was found to contribute to work stress. The study recommended that the ministry of education structures the teachers’ job to make it more manageable by reducing class size and work load. This can be achieved though building additional classrooms and employing more teachers. The school administration should ensure put structures that give teachers support like employing teacher assistants to do a lot of the clerical work that teachers do. In addition the study recommended that teachers be trained how to cope with work related stress through application of time management skills, efficient communication of their needs and feelings. Lastly, the study recommended that teachers should be encouraged to seek for support from school administration and family.

nameless life and death river – a river of eternal changing – glittering, gasping and tempting in its existential eroticism. A priestess of desires and lusts watches over the boundless power of the life cult – like the sparks of a hissing volcano –invading the core of existence. When the priestess` mouth whispers spells, in order for the eroticism of existence to break free from the limits of its concrete body, divine lovers open the mystery of joy, and their souls wallow in the magic dimension of life`s corporeality, to set free the boundless power of the life cult.

A highly re-configurable non-uniform digital FIR filter bank structure is proposed for the hearing aid application. The non-uniform spaced sub bands are realized with variable bandwidth filters (VBF). Each VBF is implemented as a combination of two arbitrary sample rate converters and a fixed bandwidth FIR low pass filter and the same can be implemented in application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the general purpose application to correct any hearing loss pattern. The bandwidths of the channels to suit the optimized audiogram fitting, corresponding frequency shift and bandwidth ratio with respect to the fixed filter are the re-configurable parameters which need modification to achieve the re-configurability. The results of the tests on various hearing loss patterns show that with optimal selection of the band edges of each band, the proposed method achieves better matching between audiograms and the magnitude responses of the filter bank. The cost of hearing aid can be reduced. It can also be made reconfigurable with minimum modification in the programmable part.

A mechanical press is used for pressing of sheet metals to give it the desired shape. Mechanical press is a machine that changes the shape of the work piece by applying tones of load on it for accurate output. Mechanical punch presses fall into two distinct types, depending on the type of clutch or braking system with which they are equipped. Generally older presses are "full revolution" presses that require a full revolution of the crankshaft for them to come to a stop. This is because the braking mechanism depends on a set of raised keys or "dogs" to fall into matching slots to stop the ram. It is a 1200T mechanical press. It consists of a ram, upper die, lower die and cushion. For pressing upper die is pressed on sheet metal and lower die. At that time the cushion gets activated and it holds the lower die. The cushion is supported by hydraulic and pneumatic pressure. The press is a try-out press. It requires pressure up to 7 bar. The pressure provided by the company compressor is 5bar. To increase the pressure there are two options. One is to use compressor for which we have to compress air from atmospheric pressure. So it will consume more power. Moreover the space required for it very large. The another option available for it is to use a compact and power saving device. Such a device is called booster. A booster is a double acting cylinder. It has two chambers. One chamber has bigger area which consist of piston end. Another chamber has small area and it consists of rod end. Large force is applied to piston end by pressurized air. This force is transmitted to rod end of piston. The area at this end is small and hence the air at this end is compressed to very high pressure. Thus pressure rise is obtained.

Basic aim of the study was to investigate the incidence, prevalence, disease pattern and the etiology of the non-syndromic congenital deafness in a selected population from different areas and schools for special education of Faisalabad District, Pakistan. An epidem-iological study was carried out through a questionnaire including different standard parameters like surname, parental marriage age, parental relationship of marriage, their family history including information about number of offspring, sex, birth order, number of normal and diseased individuals and age of onset. Information about economic status and educational qualification of parents, their locality, food habits and paternal smoking or non-smoking habits were also recorded. In a total of 436 deaf cases, 55.0% were males and 44.95% were females while 22 families were selected for pedigree analysis. Urban population (79.58%) was affected more than rural population (20.41%). Mean maternal and paternal marriage age was 20.63 ± 0.163 and 24.989 ± 0.217, respectively with smaller (0-4 years) marriage age difference. First (24.54%) and second (22.24%) birth order showed maximum deaf patients. Offspring of first cousin marriages (67.66%) had significantly higher congenital hearing loss affliction than of unrelated couples as demonstrated by consanguineous studies. Coefficient of inbreeding was (F=0.051) high than in general population (F=0.0271). Autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was observed in twenty-two affected families.