ivilization and Culture are hall- mark of the collective life of man. Civilization signifies the moral evolved state of the society, which embraces activity of mental life, including arts and learning. According to Sri Aurobindo civilization is harmony of spirit1 Culture is the discipline by which man’s moral and intellectual nature is elevated. According to Sri Aurobindo, culture comprises various activities of the cultivated aesthetic being , mind and body- the harmony of the inner and outer man. Will Durant has defined civilization, in his monumental work ‘The Story of Civilization, to mean social organization, moral order and cultural activity. Four elements constitute civilization: Economic provision, political organization moral traditions, and pursuit of knowledge and arts. In a nut-shell we may comprehend civilization of people as an advance stage of its social development. 2 Spirit is the non- material, animating and immortal part of man. According to Sri Aurobindo, Spirit is the self -existence being, with infinite power of consciousness and unconditional delight . Will Durant has defined culture as the sum-total of a people’s institutions, customs and arts. The UNESCO- sponsored book ‘Traditional Cultures of South East Asia’ gives the definition of Culture thus: Culture means the total accumulation of material objects, ideas, symbols, benefits, sentiments, values and social forms which are passed on from one generation to another in any given society. “In short, Culture signifies refinement of minds and manners as also cultivation of aesthetic faculties in a particular society.

The present experience has been aimed to isolate bacteria specifically cellulolytic bacteria, normally found in cotton soils and determine their role in degradation of the specific pesticide. Two cellulolytic bacterial isolates k1 & k2 identified as Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus pumulus were capable of growing on dimethoate supplemented medium. P.putida exhibited maximum growth of 4.1x 106 cfu/ ml at 0.09 mg/ml while B.pumulus showed significant growth of 2.2 x107 cfu/ml at 0.06mg/ml of dimethoate after 72hrs of incubation at room temperature. Rate of utilization of dimethoate increased progressively with increase in the concentration of yeast extract added to the medium up to 0.56% in P.putida and 0.7% in B.pumulus. The present findings indicate that among the two bacterial isolates, sps of Pseudomonas could degrade 88% of dimethoate while Bacillus sps exhibited high degradation rate of 92% which can be commercialized for bioremediation of dimethoate contaminated sites. Further, the rate of degradation is maximum at 72hrs of incubation.

The field of performance measurement and management (PMM) is well filled with frameworks, models and guidelines addressing what to measure and how to design a performance measurement system (PMS). However, what has been less examined so far is how to ensure that PM Evolve in tandem with their environments. Further, the few approaches available today are prescriptive and outlines how or what practitioners should do in order to manage change in their PM

Statistical N-gram language modeling is used in many domains like spelling and syntactic verification, speech recognition, machine translation, character recognition and like others. This paper describes a system for sentence structure verification based on Ngram modeling of Bangla. An experimental corpus containing one million word tokens was used to train the system. The corpus was a part of the BdNC01 corpus, created in the SIPL lab. of Islamic university. Collecting several sample text from different newspapers, the system was tested by 1000 correct and another 1000 incorrect sentences. The system has successfully identified the structural validity of test sentences at a rate of 93%. This paper also describes the limitations of our system with possible solutions.

Study Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of individual dimensions of delegation on primary teachers’ job satisfaction in Universal Primary Education sector in Eastern Uganda. Research Design/Methodology: A cross sectional research design was used. The study was carried on primary school teachers in schools in Eastern Uganda. A total of 247 survey questionnaires were distributed with the help of research assistants. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. Results: The findings of the study indicated that save for Decision making, delegation dimensions of: Autonomy, Authority, Responsibility, predicted job satisfaction.Research limitations/implications: The focus of the study was teachers working at Universal Primary schools in Eastern Uganda only. Study was cross sectional; therefore, future studies should consider investigation job satisfaction of Universal Primary school teachers from a longitudinal angle since respondents’ views vary over time. Also, this study considered some schools in Eastern Uganda which puts the issue of generalizability into question.Practical implications: Considering the importance of Universal Primary education sector in Uganda, the education managers, policy makers and academic administrators should take necessary measures for the optimal delegation of authority, autonomy, and responsibility if they are realize satisfied teachers on their jobs. Originality/value: The study contributes to literature by examining how individual dimensions of delegations influence job satisfaction in Uganda’s primary Universal school sector which of late is still limited as evidenced from reviewed literature.

Teaching effectively is a concept that is difficult, if not controversial to define and equally difficult to measure. To most educational planners, ‘effectiveness’ is the measure of factors that enhance a child’s learning, irrespective of their background (Moore, DeStafano & Adelman, 2010). While many models of school effectiveness exist, the Five-Factor model suggests that leadership, acquisition of basic skills, a secure environment, high student expectations, and frequent performance assessment are critical elements of effectiveness (Scheerens, 2000). The United States generally has these five factors, however only the element of high student expectations customarily exists in Guatemala.

Visually impaired or blind people faced tremendous challenges daily in accessing the information while on the move or during communicating with the world around them. They had to depend on their sighted colleagues, friends, relatives, or the people on the road to help them with locating places. Our Location Based Information System is such a location based application that works as an audio road guider for the visually impaired people using Open Street Map. Open Street Map (OSM) is a world-wide campaign for developing open source maps. Voice recognition represents a technology that is finally ready for prime time use. In our system we used voice recognition as visually impaired people unable to text searching.

In Benin in general and especially in the district of Toffo Atlantic department, traditional systems of agricultural production don’t permit farming to conform itself to land pressure, market demand, to minimize poverty, to satisfy population food needs and to preserve environment. This study focused on fodder importance of forest palm oil agro systems (Elaeis guineensis) in the district of Toffo, Southern Benin. The aim of this study is to analyze agro pastoral diversity importance of palm oil agro systems in the district of Toffo. Specifically to: i) identify the different types of forest palm oil agrosystems ii) identify fodder species diversity in agrosystems, iii) to census diversity of plant species and, vi) to study agronomic and ecological importance of agrosystems in the district of Toffo.

The agricultural input sectorinfluences farmers’ access to use productivity enhancing inputs.Among all these inputs, seeds are the most crucial in production cycle because it is the only biological input upon which all other components are applied.Information about agro-dealers in Nigeria, in terms of types of products sold as well as the number of dealers and how they are dispersed across the country has not been accurately documented, therefore this study attempts to show the distribution pattern of the agro-dealers in some semi-urban area of Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria with a view to understanding their specific locations, determine the proportion that deal with seed as well as sources of their seeds.Six local government areas (Akinyele, Egbeda, Ido, Lagelu, Oluyole and Ona-ara)within semi -urban area of Ibadan where urbanization has not completely eroded farming activities were selected.One hundred and twenty-five agro-dealers,reached through snowballing research technique were interviewedusing structured questionnaire.Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to analyse the data obtained through the questionnaire. Also, EtrexTMGlobal Positioning System (GPS) was used to take the coordinates of the locations of the agro-input stores after which, the vector-based system (topological map overlay) was used to combine the features from agro-dealers and land-use polygons maps to create a new output feature, thus creating a new attribute relationship.The survey revealed regional variation in the density of agricultural input dealers and the types of products sold. Most agro-dealers are interested in selling agro chemicals because of quick turn-over, interest in sales of seed of some crops is still low and number of agricultural input dealers is grossly low compared to the land mass being used for agricultural purposes. The project presented a broad overview of the agricultural input sector in the study area and information provided can serve

Advertisement frequently employs children object as model to promote certain product/service. Children exploitation in advertisement is of course will affect the model or the audience, so that it gets positive or negative respond from the consumer. The appearance of advertisement employing children model sometimes breaks the ethical code or advertisement etiquette. This breach cannot be repressed by certain parties, thus it affects directly the children’s mental growth and development.