FDI Is Direct Investment Into Production or Business In A Country By A Company In Another Country, Either By Buying A Company or By Expanding Operations of An Existing Business In Target Country. Fdi Is In Contrast To Portfolio Investment Which Is A Passive Investment In The Securities Of Another Country Such As Stock And Bonds.

The study assesses Irrigated Tomato Farming on Resource Productivity of Farmers in Vandeikya, Local Government Area of Benue state. To achieve this, primary and secondary data were used. The analytical tools include descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function applied on a cross-sectional data of 120 irrigated tomato farmers during 2013 farming season. The results from the simple percentage show that good number of respondents were within the productive age bracket of 18 - 55 years which account for 90% of the respondents. While the results from Maximum Likelihood Estimation indicate positive sign which implies that efficient use of inputs would result in increased output of Tomato. Also the results obtained from the technical efficiency model, shows that irrigated tomato farming was not fully utilized although farmers were generally relatively efficient, they still have room to increase their efficiency of farming activities to 41% to close the efficiency gap from the optimum (100%). The study recommended that available irrigation facilities should be improved upon through public private partnership. Moreso, extension agents need to be deployed to guide farmers on irrigation technique to enhance efficiency in tomato production.

This empirical survey examines the effect of Liservices on medical students’ skill in evidence-based education. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the activities of medical students when using library resources, to determine the purpose for using the library services, to find out the sources most frequently used for current information, and to find out the category of medical students (basic or clinical) who use the library most. Seven hundred and eleven (711) medical students. This sample comprised of 394 males and 317 females and were in Basic (Parts 2-4) and Clinicals (Parts 5-6) at the time of conducting this research. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from various Medical Schools in Nigeria. The use of questionnaire technique was adopted to elicit information from the students who came to use their institutional libraries. The results show that medical students most frequently visited the library for the purpose of accessing e-library and OPAC. Majority of the respondents relied on library e-resources while some still depended on textbooks. Those in the Basic Medical Class rely heavily on e-resources for current information than those in the Clinical class. It is recommended that Advanced library instruction programme should be incorporated into the curriculum of the Clinical Students where the use of e-resources and information technology will be taught.

Malignant brain tumours are one of the most devastating human cancers associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. The median survival of malignant glioma patients ranges between 3 and 16 months and has virtually remained unchanged during the last 3 decades. Difficulties in early detection, local recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies are the major reasons for failure in malignant brain tumour treatment. The therapy of malignant gliomas is further limited by the inadequate delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, blood– brain–tumor barrier as well as non-specificity targeting. Nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn increased interest in treating malignant brain tumours due to their potential to act as a vector for brain delivery and to provide tumour-specific detection and treatment. If designed appropriately, NPs may act as a drug vehicle able to target tumor tissues or cells, and protect the drug from inactivation during its transport. The aim of this article was to provide brief overview of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for imaging and treatment of brain cancer and to evaluate their safety in clinical use. Besides invasive physical methods to bypass or disrupt the BBB and/or BBTB, other methods like pharmacological and physiologic approach are possible. Different manufacturing methods of nano-formulation have been investigated and these include nano-precipitation, emulsion polymerization, emulsion solvent evaporation, supercritical fluid expansion method, complex coacervation, salting out method, and denaturation. liposomes can serve as a controlled release carrier or simply as a biocompatible solubilizing vehicle for poorly soluble agents. Dendrimers are organic NPs capable of crossing the BBB to deliver therapeutics to tumors. Most inorganic NPs employ an organic polymer as a protective layer so as to increase circulation, half-life and to protect both the particle from the body and the

This study was to clinically validate phosphorylated CDC2(pCDC2) as a biomarker for Wee1 kinase inhibitors by measuring pCDC2 in skin biopsies from patients receiving DNA damaging chemotherapy. Skin biopsies were performed at scheduled times after chemotherapy. Total CDC2 and pCDC2 in epidermal cells, hair follicle and bulb from skin biopsies were determined using chromogenic multiplex immunohis-tochemistry with multispectral image analysis. Statistical analyses were performed for each cell type after logtransformation of data. Thirty-one patients (29-88 years) completed the study. Significant induction of pCDC2 in response to chemotherapy was detected. Epidermis was most consistently evaluable across skin biopsies, demonstrating strong induction of pCDC2. The percentage of cells positive for total CDC2 and pCDC2 showed a 1.40-fold induction from baseline to 24h post-infusion (p=0.012) and a 2.05-fold increase from baseline to 48h (p<0.001). The results suggest that pCDC2 may be used to assess the degree of Wee1 kinase inhibition in the chemotherapy setting. [Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00800865]

The article deals with a design of model for decreasing costs in the supply chain with especially importance of alternative suppliers on the base model of authors Bahareh Amirjabbari, Nadia Bhuiyan and their cost minimization model with adjustment of safety stock. Paper shows the formulation and design of cost model with outlining a model in a particular case study to supply chain with two suppliers and with their respective independent alternative suppliers, stream of material, manufacturing in plant, safety stock and two final customers and used the conclusion of case study for further research with design appropriate model for distribution of final parts to costumers. The goal of this paper is a model and its application to reduce costs in supply chains using contracted suppliers and their probability of delivery in conjunction with alternative suppliers and their performance.

Exploration of sintering concept in the pharmaceutical sciences is relatively recent. The aim of this study was to investigate the release characteristics of matrix granules consisting of hydrophobic ( i.e waxy ) material and Verapamil hydrochloride for sustained release application using thermal sintering technique. It was considered as an ideal drug for designing sustained release formulation on account of its high frequency of administration and short biological half life. Granules prepared by melt granulation technique were formulated with water soluble drug, carnauba wax, glyceryl behenate ( a wax matrix forming polymer ) lactose, magnesium stearate. Matrix granules of Verapamil hydrochloride prepared with various concentration of wax and polymer were sintered thermally at various times periods, temperature and were evaluated for physicochemical parameters and in vitro dissolution studies. The sintering time markedly affected the drug release properties of wax and polymer. It is notable that the release rate of Verapamil hydrochloride from granules was inversely related to the time of sintering. Sintering technique enhanced the extend of drug retardation from the systems studied.

The present work focuses on Kinematics, Localization and closed loop motion control of a differential drive mobile robot which is capable of navigating to a desired goal location in an obstacle free static indoor environment. Two trajectory planning approaches are made (i) the robot is rotated to eliminate orientation error and then translate to overcome distance error (ii) Both rotational and translational motion is given to the robot to overcome orientation and distance error simultaneously. Localization is estimated by integrating the robot movement in a fixed sampling frequency. The control law is based on kinematics model which provides updated reference speed to the high frequency PID control of DC motor. Stability of proposed control law is validated by Lyapunov Criterion. Both experimental and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the achieved control algorithms and their efficient implementation on a two wheeled differential drive mobile robot using an 8-bit microcontroller.

Transport aircraft is a highly complexairframestructure. The aircraft fuselage shell is composed of stressedskin, circumferential frames and longitudinal stringers. The skinisconnected toframes and stringers mostly by rivets. Fuselagehas a number of riveted joints and is subjected to a majorloading of differential internal pressurization. When the fuselageis pressurized and depressurized during each takeoff and landingcycle of aircraft, the metal skin of fuselage expands and contractsresulting in metal fatigue.Fatigue damage accumulates duringevery cycle of loading in the airframestructure during itsoperation. The accumulated damage reaches a critical value, afatiguecracks initiate from riveted holes and propagate tocritical sizes leading to catastrophic failure of the structure. Thelargetransport aircraft are designed to tolerate large fatiguecracks. This paper focusesitsattention on damage tolerancedesign of a fuselage structure of transport aircraft. The objectiveof this paper is to investigate crack initiation, and crack growthratein theflatstiffened panel of fuselagestructure. Thelongitudinal crack is initiated from the rivet holelocationandstress intensity factor is calculated using modified virtual crackclosure integral (MVCCI) method duringeach stage of crackpropagation.Fatigue crack growth rate can be estimated byusing Paris law under spectrum loading analysis in the structure.In this paper for modeling CATIA V5 software is used and MSCPATRAN is used for meshing the stiffened panel and static linearstress analysis is carried out using MSC NASTRAN.

Peter Brown’s influential book The World of Late Antiquity has had a formidable impact on ancient historiography.Before it, historians who studied the period leading to the deposition of Romolus Agustulus—the last Roman emperor—in 476 AD considered themselves ‘classicists’ or ‘ancient historians’, while those who studied the subsequent period called themselves medievalists; therefore before Brown’s book the collapse of the Roman Empire remained the watershed date that brought upon the Middle Ages.It is not the task of this essay to trace the history of this conception, but to examine the assertions, merits, and faults of Peter Brown’s book. Brown magnified, or more precisely, outright invented a new epoch: “[a number of elements] converged to produce that very distinctive period in European civilization—the Late Antique world” . Naturally, both the term nor the concept are not his: Late Antiquity had been commonly used to denote the last two centuries of the Roman empire, and the conspicuous socio-economic changes that it faced—from the debasement of the currency in the late 2nd century to the increasingly “mercenarization” of the Roman army and its progressive admittance of barbarian soldiers.Another prominent aspect of the Late Antique period—a complex aspect I shall examine—was the profound transformation of the arts around Diocletian’s time: from the ever-famous porphyry statue of the Tetrarchs, art displayed a new sensibility and indeed new preoccupations.‘Late Antiquity’ was thus by no means a new concept.But what was new was Brown’s notion of a protracted Late Antique epoch, which though well-founded, he unduly stretched from 150 to 750 AD—dates I believe to be overextended in both directions—and which this paper shall examine.