Microsoft (MS) Hyper-V is a native hypervisor that enables platform virtualization on x86-64 systems. It is a microkernelized hypervisor where a host operating system provides the drivers for the hardware. This approach leverages MS Hyper-V to support enlightenments (the Microsoft name for Paravirtualization) in addition to the hardware emulation virtualization technique. This paper provides a quantitative performance comparison, using different tests and scenarios, between enlightened and emulated Virtual Machines (VMs) hosted by MS Hyper-V server 2012. The experimental results show that MS enlightenments improve performance by a factor of more than two.

The video coding standards are developed to satisfy the requirements of different applications for various purposes, higher coding efficiency, better picture quality, and more error robustness. The new international video coding standard H.264/AVC aims at having significant improvements in coding efficiency, and error robustness in comparison with the previous standards. Most of the video compression algorithms are designed based on the H.264/AVC. In this paper, the video encryption techniques of H.264/AVC are analyzed. Performance analysis of the three algorithms namely Selective, Layered and Naïve is reported and its strength is discussed.

The aim of this working paper is to identify the board structure types and variables that affect the corporate social responsibility strategy of the organizations. The main and core four types of board structures and determinants of corporate social responsibility strategy of the organizations have been identified in this working paper after studying and examining 35 research articles written by eminent scholars. These four types of board structure are: (1) having female directors on the board of directors greatly affects the corporate social responsibility strategy of the firms and such types of firms are appeared to be more philanthropic. (2) Outside or independent directors on board of directors also a major component in determining the organization’s corporate social responsibility strategy. (3) Tenure of directors also has positive effects on determination of corporate social responsibility strategy of the organizations and (4) Board size also plays an important role in planning and development of organization’s corporate social responsibility strategy. The other small variables and components of board structure also identified by the scholars but the main four are mentioned above. Substantial research gap exists for examining the affects of board composition and board structure in determining the corporate social responsibility strategy in the private and pubic sector organizations of Pakistan.

This article discusses the impact of the disclosure of social information on the accounting manipulations. We support the idea that earnings management damages the interests of stakeholders, therefore, officers who handle the results can not cope with the vigilance and activism of stakeholders as the use of social responsibility (CSR). In addition, CSR is a powerful tool that can be used to gain the support of stakeholders. Based on a sample of 682 U.S. companies listed , the Fortune 1000 for the period 1997-2008, we were interested to show that disclosure of social information justifying the strategic use of CSR by the officer who handles accounting figures. Our results show that the accounting practices of societal leaders strengthen the management of results and influence its direction and intensity

The conjugate cooling of a single block heater mounted on a conductive wall of a parallel plates channel was investigated under distinct laminar airflow constraints: fixed flow rate, fixed channel flow pressure drop and fixed pumping power. The heater was cooled by direct forced convection to the airflow and by conduction through its contact with the channel wall. The investigation was performed for a two-dimensional configuration with fixed channel geometry and variable heater height. At the channel entrance the flow velocity and temperature were uniform. The channel wall thickness was constant and its thermal conductivity ranged from 0 to 80 that of the air, while the heater thermal conductivity was equal to 500 that of the air. The conservation equations were solved numerically by the control volumes method with the SIMPLE algorithm. The results were expressed in dimensionless form, considering the three distinct flow constraints. For a fixed flow rate, the heater temperature always decreased as the heater height increased.For the other two flow constraints, there is a critical relative heater height which minimizes its thermal resistance to the airflow. The results also indicated that for a conductive substrate, the conduction from the heater to the substrate plate cannot be neglected in comparison to the direct convective cooling to the airflow.

HIV-1 matrix protein (MA) is the small multifunctional protein located on N terminus of Gag protein p55. MA posseses three transport signals: membranotropic, nucleophilic and the signal of nuclear export and functions in the cell as shuttle protein. MA is cleaved from Gag precursor by viral protease early in infection and is transported into the nuclei where it associates with viral RNA (vRNA). The complex MA-vRNA is transported to plasma membrane – the place of HIV assembly - usingMA membranotropic signal and phosphorilation. Mutant MA (M4) prepared by Dr. Dupont (USA, Worchester, Medical School) used in association with vRNA lost membranotropic signal and can not move to the plasma membrane. It was located in the nuclei and cytoskeleton. It could be suggested thatmutant MA ”get stuck” during cellular transport. That localization unusual for wild HIV-1 could suggest that wild MA complex with vRNAdelivers vRNA from the nucleus to the plasma membrane through cytoskeleton.

We build on the sides of a triangle ABC, outwards and inwards, similar triangles with one another. We prove some relations referring to the generalizedFermatpoints. We deduce these resultsbased on trigonometricalidentities.

In the majority of structural concrete design, the compressive strength is obtained from testing of 150x300 mm concrete cylinders under standard laboratory controlled conditions with different capping system. Some testing machines are unable to produce the force needed to break high-strength 150x300 mm concrete cylinders. If 100x200 mm cylinders are to be used in quality assurance testing, the relationship between fc4 and fc6 needs to be understood in order to ensure that concrete with sufficient strength is provided. 100x200 mm cylinders are lighter and can easily be handled, collection of quality control and assurance specimens would be easier for contractors and inspectors. This research work was born from the need to determine a correlation between the strength of the standard size 150x300 mm and 100x200 mm cylindrical specimen. A total 72 no. of 100x200 mm and 150x300 mm cylinders were tested according to ASTM. Cylinders prepared by sand and sulfur capping reveals a little difference in the strength level, 150x300 mm and 100x200 mm sulfur capped cylinders shows 23% and 21% higher strength than sand capped cylinders and 100x200 mm cylinder gives 39% higher strength than 150x300 mm cylinder.

Edo state, like many other states in Niger-Delta and Nigeria as a nation has resultant land and water degradation problems such as persistent oil spillage, erosion of arable land, sedimentation of dam and reservoirs. This research study investigates the effects of land degradation in all the local government areas in Edo state. The results of the findings indicated that 28% corresponding to 634,416.3 ha of arable land had totally been affected by soil erosion. Highest erodibility index of 0.75 was obtained at Estako west (Auchi), while least value of 0.1 was found at Akoko-Edo local government area respectively. Between 1976 and 1997, 1,820,410.50 barrels of crude oil spilled with maximum spill value 600,511.02 barrels in 1984 and minimum spill of 5,956 barrels in 1989. Reduction of cassava production was estimated and analyzed. The result showed that the reduction is highly significant at 95% confidence interval. Etasko –west had the highest reduction from 7.26 MT/HA in 1993 to 1.1 MT/HA in 2002. In addition, analysis of erosion and land degradation control expenditures showed that little attention has been paid to controlling land degradation in the state. Erosion control expenditure was increased from 4.1% in 1990 to 10% in 2002. This increase is not significant at 0.01 and 0.05 levels of significance. All these constraints affect agricultural production, human well-being, social and economic growth of the people in Edo state.

The production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) causes pollution to the environment, due to the emission of CO2. Geopolymer Concrete,an alternate materialis introduced to replace OPC. Low Calcium Fly ash, a by-product from the coal industry, is widely available in the world. Silicate and Alumina are rich inFly ash.Hence it reacts with alkaline solution to produce Alumina silicate gel that binds the aggregate to produce a good concrete. The compressive strength increases with the increasing of fly ash fineness and thus the reduction in porosity can be obtained. The flexural behaviour of Geopolymer concrete (GPC) beams and control cement concrete beams are examined. The designed compressive strength of concrete is 50N/mm2. A total of four beams is castover an effective span of 3000 mm and tested up to failure under static loads. The load-displacement response of the geopolymer concrete beams and control beams are obtained and compared with the theoretical results. The results show that thegeopolymer concrete beams exhibit increased flexural strength.The deflections at different stages including service load and peak load stage are higher for GPC beams.