In this paper, we present an enhanced approach for fingerprint segmentation based on Canny edge detection technique and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated interms of decision error trade-off curve so fan over all verification system. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the system.

Austin (1962) is a theory of speech act; in this regard, it is essentially a theory in pragmatics, which as a field of language study, studies how language is used according to varied contextual nuances. In this paper, my arguments subtly engage semantics and those pragmatic notions which constitute the communicative elements produced by clause structure. I explore the System of Mood, the Abstract Performative Hypothesis and the Illocutionary Frames Principle (IFP) to establish my positions. The findings include: the clause in which a speech act verb occurs determines illocutionary acts performed in discourse, among other things; linguistic issues abound, which reveal the strengths and weaknesses of Austinian postulations; apart from determining what is communicated in discourse, clause structure also has effects and implications on meaning and participants.

In the time when the energy from oil is in transition, and exist the shale gas as energy option for the next years, but the shale gas is not consider clean energy,and the need to reduce environmental pollution, we lead to use the biofuels and solar energy as the options to combat the environmental problem by reducing pollution and search the sustainability systems for that solution, because the both systems are from nature process , and on the other side we want clean energy , savings and better quality of life, but is important consider factors for the successfullyimplementation , in reality is not easy implement all ideal measures, without consider the optimal conditions for follow the sun, such as solar Tracking system or the optimal mix of hybrid systems on the use of biofuels and solar energy as clean energy solution. But is important consider that in not all countries, the biofuels is the best solution, such as the case of developing countries, where the governments are finding solutions for solve theproblem of environmental pollution and on the other side need places to grow food, for this reason is very important consider how is the best option for energy production, for that cases solar energy can be the best solution, and for another countries where the soil is rich and the conditions are differents is possible use biofuels like best solutions, those cases benefit for example in rural areas where is very expensive make electricity nets, and is necessary use nature energy resources for reach better life quality and combat the poverty.

Background/Aim: Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) is routinely detected qualitatively in Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) infection where its persistence beyond 6 months defines chronic hepatitis B(CHB) infection. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) usually indicates active HBV replication and risk of transmission of infection. In spite of the emerging use of chemiluminescence based quantitativeHBsAg assays for therapeutic monitoring of the patients, we measured HBsAg concentration by sandwich ELISA as a cost effective alternative to ascertain the role of HBsAg levels as surrogate marker of untreated HBeAg negative subjects having CHB infection. Methods : Sixty two subjects were evaluated for serum HBeAg,anti HBe and ALT status by standard ELISA and biochemical procedures.The amount of serum HBV DNA determined by real time TaqMan PCR assay(Roche Diagnostics,USA).Serum HBsAg level(ng/ml) was ascertained by a third generation sandwich ELISA kit(Alpha Diagnostics International,USA)and results expressed upon conversion to IU/ml. Results :The median age of the subjects was 40.5 years(IQR=18;90% male) of which 92% were HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive.Median ALT value was 35.5 IU/ml(IQR=37).Median viral load(Log copies/ml)and HBsAg(IU/ml) were 4.57(IQR=2.84)and 38002.3 (IQR=23736.8) respectively. When grouped on the basis of viral load(<2000 IU/ml>),the median HBsAg concentration seen is 35439.3 (IQR=43093.3) and 44712.7( IQR=25082.4)while median ALT values were 29(IQR=21.2)and 47(IQR=73.2) in lower(<2000 IU/ml) and higher(>2000 IU/ml)viral load groups respectively. Conclusion : Serum HBsAg concentration showed no correlation with serum HBV DNA level in our study subjects which is at par with other studies on CHB patients. Based on the reported correlation between serum HBsAg level and intrahepatic ccc DNA, higher amount of HBsAg in subjects having lower viral load is indicative of the presence of higher amount of intrahepatic HBV DNA in these subjects which warrant further stud

Household food insecurity remains a persistent and pressing social concern despite the economic gains that Nigeria has made over the years.The study focused on identifying the perception of male and female headed households about food security; the gaps in calories supplied as well as factors that interact to influence food supply.Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approach to randomly select and interview 120 households but a subsection of the sample is the basis for this study. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the perceptions about food security and gaps in calories supplied. Two-stage Least Square regression and the General Linear Model were used to determine the factors that influence calorie supply to the households as well as the influence exacted by the interaction of those factors. The results showed that the definition of food security from the respondents points of view includes the taste, quality, quantity and specific food items available to the households and that these differ between male and female heads. Also quantitative and qualitative factors interact to affect the total calories supplied to the household. Cash transfers significantly influence calories available to Male Headed Households but not for Female Headed Households.

A pregnancy related biometrical study was carried out on ovaries and uterus of the Balami sheep in Maiduguri, Nigeria, with the aim of documenting information on it. Dimensions of 10 non-pregnant and 30 apparently normal pregnant Balami sheep ovaries and uteri obtained from the Maiduguri Municipal abattoir were analyzed. The length, diameter, thickness and weight of left ovary showed no significant increase along the stages of gestation while only the length of the right ovary showed very significant (p<0.01) and extremely significant (p<0.001) increases during the second and third stages of gestation. The length and diameter of the left uterine horn showed levels of significant increases (p<0.05 – p<0.001) during the last two stages of gestation while those of the right uterine horn showed extremely significant increases (p<0.001) during these periods.

This study examines the determinants of mobile phone among the university students special reference to Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. The sample is selected by using stratified sampling method. The data collected through 10 mixtures of open and closed questions. The study used mainly primary date but secondary data too used in books and internet sources. This research is hypotheses that monthly income is the most effective factor for university students’ demand on mobile phone and phone’s facility is positively affect to mobile phone demand. Results of the study reveals that there is a possitive and significant relationship between mobile phone demand and income levels among university students and facilities provided by the phone is not possitively affects on mobile phone demand . However, the study suggested that a country level study in this regard will be more helpful for mobile phone producers and their marketing strategies.

Purpose – This study intends to investigate if the Basic Fairness Model (Rutte and Messick 1995) is supported across cultures in Brazil, Germany and the United States. Design/methodology/approach - To test the model across cultures, structured focus groups were conducted in Germany, Brazil and the United States. Findings - The Focus groups generally supported the basic fairness model, although with a few modifications and additions. Culture affects understandings of appropriate behavior. Research limitations/implications - To a great extent, the difference in the Focus group participants’ responses reflected the realities of their different environments. There are also no doubt differences in how different businesses operate. Such differences can lead to perceptual differences.

The fact that small business need to apply management strategy in their operation has been well supported by literature, but little is known about the need to intelligently choose and apply these strategies. The objective of this study is to investigate if craft management strategy has any relationship with the successful performance of small business. This is to divorce the belief that the failure of small business in Nigeria is attributable to lack of craft management strategies. The survey design was used from which inferences were drawn about the population under study. Using a combination of Top man’s formula and random sampling technique, 48 participants were drawn from the population of small business operating in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The duration of the operation of these businesses ranged from five years and above. Out of the sample size of 48, only 42 respondents properly completed and returned their questionnaires. Validation scales were used to collect data which were analyzed with Chi-square and Contingency coefficient analytical tools. Chi-square was used to test relationship in hypothesis one, while Contingency coefficient was used to ascertain the level of significance in hypothesis two. Results revealed that craft management strategy has relationship with the successful performance of small business. This relationship was found to be significant. We therefore propose that owners of small scale business should creatively and intelligently choose management strategy that would address the problem variables identified in this study. This will help them survive, grow and contribute to economic development.

In this paper we have developed certain new results involving Hypergeometric function, Modified Bessel function of first kind and exponential function. The results represent here are assume to be new.