The aim of this work was to determine the impact of green manure (Trifolium pratense L, Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw on filtration of precipitation and leaching of chemical elements (N, K, Ca, Corg) in Haplic Luvisol. The lysimetric data during 1987– 2008 was used in the study. Lysimetric equipment surface area was 1.75 m2; the test soil layer is 0.60 m.Catch crops reduce precipitation filtration by 7.0-8.3 % on average. Insertion in autumn of straw and catch crops increases the concentration of N, Ca and K and Corg in lysimeter waters. Substantial increase in concentration takes place mostly during the first months after insertion and in warm and rainy autumn period. Due to lower precipitation of catch crops the loss of Ca and K, as compared with unfertilized soil, did not substantially increase, and the Corg decreased from 10.6 to 8.3-8.5 kg ha-1 TOC.

Extreme weather events such as droughts and El Nino induced events have become more frequent and intense in southern Zimbabwe leading to food and livelihood insecurity for most households. Disadvantaged groups, such as the poor, widowed and orphaned, are more vulnerable to these events which are a result of climate variability and change. This is a result of the absence, weak and maladaptation practices to climate variability and change in most cases. High vulnerability has threatened food and livelihood security as evidenced by hunger, outbreak of diseases and loss of livestock. Maladaptation tends to be a result of the imposition of foreign adaptation strategies that do not augur well with specific environments. Conventional adaptation methods such as dam construction, borehole drilling and irrigation schemes are less robust due to the effects of climate change that has led to the shrinking of water bodies and lowering of the water table. Pre-colonial communities knew and managed their environments very well through observations and direct experience with their natural environments and this led to the development of indigenous knowledge systems which enabled people to get the most out of their environments. Indigenous knowledge adaptation strategies tend to ensure sustainable food and livelihood security because they are ‘culture-fit’ and accessible to all people. It is recommended that communities in southern Zimbabwe should synergise ethno-science and techno-science adaptation strategies in order to build a robust resilience against climate variability and change.

Metal bellows is a precision component that is welded along the peripheries of both inside and outside diameters. A development of computer aided design program for the three kinds of welded metal bellows has been studied by Auto LISP language of AutoCAD in this thesis. In this study, this program is sequentially constructed dialog boxes, with which the expected shape of the metal bellows would be obtained quickly and exactly by input of the basic data that the initial radius, inner and outer diameters, pitch, thickness of plate and land length is given. The effects on stress distribution of the bellows can be estimated using a commercial FEM code of ANSYS Workbench when altering some design variables. As a result, this program studied in this paper revealed the advantages as follows, users can obtain the shape of the bellows more easily by input the variables or adding more information, moreover, this program can be revised simply by changing the variables according to the demands in industry and the drawing of metal bellows can be connected to other CAD programs for modeling and FEM analysis

The genesis of the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) for around three and half decades can be traced to the need for stronger institutional arrangements for providing rural credit. The inception of RRBs can be seen as a unique experiment as well as experience in improving the efficacy of rural credit delivery mechanism in India. In the wake of introduction of financial sector reforms, the feasibility of RRBs emerged as the most crucial factors in deciding the desired role due to their limited business flexibility with hardly any scope of diversification, smaller size of loans with higher exposure to risk prone advances and professional inefficiency in financial deployment. In order to strengthen RRBs and to improve their performance, various initiatives have been taken by the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The paper, therefore, is a synopsis on the evaluation of performance of RRBs in India with respect to deposit mobilization, credit channelization, credit deposit ratio, deployment of credit to various occupations etc.

With the Traffic Light only the chances of roadside accident and human error based Railway Accidents are reduced to minimal amount these days. With the increasing number of roads and trains, the requirement for accuracy based controlling the traffic lights is increasing day by day in future generation. This paper is an attempt to introduce the reader into the world of Digital Electronics and Hardware Description Language based device. Traffic Light Controller plays a very important role in the Roads and Railways based Automatic Controlling System.The designing of Automatic Traffic Light Controller System for Roads and Railways Purpose through control the traffic of city, maintain the tracks andpublic places. The Automatic Traffic Light Controller in Railway System placed at Four Line Central Based Server which control the Railway Traffic through the Automatic Designing based System. This Traffic Light Controller plays the operation in Roads Service through controlling the Roads in the concept of Digital Electronics. This project is based on the construction and working of this Automatic Traffic Light Controller Chip Based System. This paper gives the Virtual Operation as Simulation and Integrated Circuit Performance which has to be designed in Hardware Description Language by using the concept of Digital Electronics.

EmbeliaribesBURM. F. is an important drug of Ayurveda. Which is considered as multi remedies *with wide* group of Active consistents.Isolated from the berries. Because of High Commerce, Traders, are subjected to 26 species of substitution, a detailed botanical investigation with macro & microscopical comparison with the drug used under the name of VIDANGA. Therefore the present study is an attempt to establish macro & Microscopic characteristic of E.R. as well as to Distinguish the species in Chart.

Diaphragm position and shape on chest radiographs are routinely used as indicators for diseases. Previous population studies were done for normal diaphragm position and shape. The study was done to determine the distance between right and left hemi diaphragm in normal Sudanese adults using digital radiography. The study sample was 100 subjects, 50(50%) were males and 50(50%) were females, with different ages ranged from 18 – 82 years old; all subjects were with normal abdominal ultrasound and normal chest radiographs. The study was done in Fedail hospital in the period from January up to March 2013. The measurements were done on ideal postero anterior (PA) chest radiograph by measuring the difference between the distance from the highest point of right hemi diaphragm and highest point of the left hemi diaphragm. The result showed that the right hemi diaphragm was higher than the left in 98% of total sample and the left was higher in 1% and they were in the same height in 1%.

In this paper, we make a brief introduction to a new interdisciplinary--Extenics from three main parts -- extension theory, extension engineering and extension innovation methods, which can let more scholars from all over world to know what is Extenics, what achievements Extenics scholars have obtained.

Wastewater discharges from two textile industries in Lagos (Nigeria) were analysed for their pollution characteristics such as temperature, pH suspended solids (SS), total solids (TS), permanganate value (PV), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). For the first textile industry the range of values for the above named characteristics were: 29.10 - 33.500C, 9.25 - 11.18, 506.50 - 663.20mg/l, 5157.50 - 6930.30mg/l, 528.70 – 728.60mg/l, 646.10 – 880.00mg/l, and 2190.00 – 2984.00mg/l. Also the second industry had values ranging from 31.40 – 41.800C, 9.22 - 11.60, 455.60 – 684.90mg/l,5099.20 – 7624.10mg/l, 469.60 – 746.40mg/l, 584.30 – 885.00mg/l and 2012.13 – 2960.00mg/l. The study revealed that the textile wastewaters were untreated and contained high amounts of pollutants. These pollutants are discharged daily into nearby receiving surface waters. There is need to prioritize action to minimize rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen in the receiving water so as to prevent “oxygen sag” in the water there also need to protect the quality and portability of the receiving surface water so as to reduce its adverse health implications on consumers in the surrounding environment.

Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae), a medicinally important herb of Indian origin, has been Used for centuries in the Ayurvedic System of Medicine. Aqueous extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii possesses alexeteric, antihelmintic, analgesic, dysentry, purgative and blood disorders. Also they are reported to be useful in inflammation, healing of wounds, injuries, antioxidative activity. In folklore practice, the decoction of M. koenigii leaves has been reported to be useful in diarrhoea. In the present study the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds was evaluated for antidepressant activity in mice. The models selected for the study were tail suspension test and despair swimming test. The extract at the doses of 100mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of immobility of mice in tail suspension test and despair swimming test as compared to the untreated group.