Sage (Salvia) species is known as the Functional Novel Natural Medicine, Salvia Extract are considered important for drug development, because they are reported to have Pharmacological activity in the Asia, Middle East especially China and India. For a long time Salvia has been used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain, protecting the body against oxidative stress, free radical damages, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and virus infection, etc. Several studies suggest that sage might potentially provide novel natural treatments for the relief or cure of many serious and life threatening diseases in addition to treating minor common illnesses such as depression, dementia, obesity, diabetes, lupus, heart disease and cancer. This plant is used as Medicine in Asia, Africa, Middle East, South America, and some Countries in Europe. This article presents comprehensive analysis information on botanical, chemical and Pharmacological aspect of Sage (Saliva).

A new way for protecting digital protective relays from cyber attacks and intentional destructive electromagnetic impacts is describe in the article.

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a network comprises of mobile nodes connected without any centralized administration. Each node in the network has the ability to share a large number of objects with other nodes. The nodes are connected with other nodes to forward a message to other nodes until the search for node that desire meets. This paper represents a new replication method to recover the performance in distributed system. Objects are replicated on different nodes in the network to minimize the search for an object. It is observed that mobility of nodes predicted using SOM (Self Organizing Maps) technique provides less accuracy. This paper represents an algorithm that uses the network parameters as input condition to replicate objects into the nodes. The decision for each node will be taken by gathering the input conditions and feed to the Hopfield Neural Network. It is view that it will provide more accuracy and improve the performance.

Background: T h e incisions those applied inapproaching those operations , were vertical anteriorabdominal incisions (midline or paramedian), and the waythese incisions were closed, it was either mass or layeredabdominalwall closure and types of suture materials used inthe closure, non - absorbable/absorbable, monofilament (Nylon)/ polyfilament (Vicryl). Objectives: T o stu dy a series of patients those whounderwent vertical incisions, either midline or paramedian andhow t hey were closed, mass or layered closure and suturematerials used inclosing the abdomen and the outcome. Patients and methods: This study is an observationalprospective analytical hospital based study. Conducted atOmdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan, over one year durationfrom 2012 Sep to 2013 Sep. Included were patients whounderwent vertical anterior abdominal incisions (midline orparamedian) for emergency laparotomy, Non probabilitysampling including patients consecutively. Questionnaireswere used a nd the variables were; demographical patientdata, indications for laparotomy, suture materials used inthese closures, technique of closing the fascial layer and skinand the outcome. Patient consent and ethical clearance wereobtained in advance. Data wa s analyzed using SPSS version20 and the P value was considered significant ifã´€ 0.05.Patients and methods: R e sults: 114 ( 91.9% ) patients underwent midlineincisions and 10(8.1%) patients were paramedian incision.Mass closure were111(89.5%) and layered were13 (10.5%) patients, types of suture materials used in the closuretechnique were non - absorbable polyamide (Nylon)103(83.1%). Delayed absorbable polygactin 910 (Vicryl) 21(19.9%). Sutures size used 2# (106) Nylon 90(87.4%) Vicryl16 (76.2%), 1# (17) Nylon 12(11.7%) - vicryl 5(23.8%) and onlyone 0#(0.8%). Length of hospital stay 5days and less55 (44.4%) patients, >5 - 10 days 52 (41.9%) patients and >10days were 16 (13.7%) p

The amount of groundwater in any area depends on the characters of the underlying aquifer, its extent and the frequency of discharge. Quantitative hydro-geological studies of aquifer parameters are important pre-requisites for scientific management of groundwater resources. Lithological data can be used as an important source for hydro-geological investigation. In this work, the lithological character encountered in borehole of 303 locations and static water levels of 81 locations have been collected, compiled, processed, analyzed and interpreted for studying the hydro-geological properties of nine upazillas of Pabna district, Bangladesh. Various types of map of hydro-geological properties of subsurface formation like porosity, specific yield, transmissivity, hydraulic diffusivity have been prepared for the proper identification of groundwater occurrence, distribution and potentiality of the area studied. Porosity and specific yield are the two important properties of an aquifer material to identify the storage of the aquifer. The yield determines whether or not the water saturated zone is a source of groundwater and the natural characteristics of the water bearing formations affect the yield. The transmissivity map represents its average water transmitting property which depends mainly on the number and diameter of the pores present and determines the effectiveness of groundwater reservoir. Hydraulic diffusivity determines the time that is need for a given head change to occur in an aquifer as a response to a great change in head at another point. Finally, groundwater potential zones have also been identified for groundwater exploration

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of plant residues from zea mays (root and tassel) and cajanus cajan (leaves and stem) were examined on the two weeds, euphorbia heteropyhlla l. and bidens pilosa l. the results obtained showed that the aqueous extracts retarded the germination and the initial growth of both weeds. the effects were concentration dependent as the degree of retardation increased with increase in the concentrations of the extracts. the retardation of germination of e. heterophylla seeds was more pronounced in seeds treated with extracts from c. cajan leaf. The % germination decreased from 18% in the 5g concentration to 10% in 25g/200mL concentration at 144hrs experimental time. Similarly, the retardation of germination of B. pilosa seeds was more pronounced in C. cajan stem extract treated seeds. The % germination decreased from 52% in the 5g concentration to 20% in 25g/200mL concentration at 144hrs experimental time. The radicles of the two weeds were also retarded by the extracts. The retardation of radical lengths of E. heterophylla and B. pilosa seedlings were more pronounced in Cajanus cajan stem extract treated seeds as no radicle emerged until 72hrs experiment time. The radicle length of E. heterophylla seedling at 144hrs experiment was 0.93cm in the 5g concentration which reduced to 0.29cm in 25g/ 200mL extract concentration. The radicle length of B. pilosa seedling at 144hrs experimental time was 1.25cm in 5g concentration which decreased to 0.59cm in 25g/ 200mL concentration. The plumule lengths of the two weeds were also retarded by the extracts. The plumule length of E. heterophylla seeds were mostly retarded by extract from C. cajan stems. Plumule length in the 5g concentration was 0.53cm which decreased to 0.06cm in the 25g extract concentration. .B. pilosa seedlings were retarded mostly by extracts from C. cajan leaves. Plumule length was 1.20cm in the 5g extract concentration which decreased to 1.03cm in 25g/200mL extract conc

The aim of paper is to show is it possible to implement liberal multicultural theory in Croatia and Macedonia. The value of the liberal multicultural theory of minority rights is not in providing possibilities to participate in the political domain, but in respecting their demand for the recognition of equality, cultural differences with the right to participate in the process of decision making and the right of self-government. The most important things that need to be reconciled in both Croatia and Macedonia are the desires of national minorities for cultural autonomy and the territorial integrity of the national state. The arguments for introducing territorial autonomy are limited under the conditions that the minority group is large enough and territorially concentrated, and where the differences between the minority and the majority are significant.Although these countries accept the western pluralistic principles as a prerequisite for joining the EU, these principles do not automatically secure just reconciliation of ethnic and cultural diversity. The political practice has shown that the South East of Europe cannot decently copy the western-European liberal type of democracy, but can achieve a specific liberal type of democracy conditioned by the historical-political and cultural heritage, the present structural and cultural state of society and different international influence of that state.The cases of Croatia and Macedonia are examples that the western model of liberal multiculturalism could not just be transplanted into the societies, which did not have the same or even similar historical development as west, nor similar social structure.

This study monitored the concentration of seven air pollutants and examined the concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Carboxylhaemoglobin (COHb) in human breath and blood among the exposed rural women. A total of 12 villages were purposively selected from the list of villages in Odeda Local government area, (Southwestern Nigeria). Active air samplers were used to monitor air quality at the cooking points in houses selected through systematic random sampling. Air monitoring was observed in replicates between November 2012 and January 2013. In order to elicit information on energy utilization and occurrence of air pollution related health problems among the rural dwellers, one questionnaire was administered to the available female in each selected house. The mean±SD (ppm) concentrations of pollutants monitored across the villages were CO: 15.18±4.29; CO2: 44.09±10.74; NO2: 0.59±0.12; SO2: 2.05±0.65; CH4: 0.58±0.51; PM10: 98.64±9.22 and PM2.5: 43.81±11.11 at average wind speed of 3.11±0.57 m/s. The overall means of Breath CO (ppm) and % COHb were 2.17±0.58 and 1.47±0.37 respectively. PM10 had the highest mean concentration. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the mean concentration of air pollutants across the selected communities except for CH4. However, there was significant negative correlation between PM2.5 and Breath CO (p ≤ 0.05). Health problems frequently experienced in the study area were catarrh, eye irritation, cough, sneezing, dry throat and nausea, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness and skin irritation.

In spite of, impressive breakthrough in modern genetics and molecular biology the problem of artificial sex regulation of mammals still remains unsolved. Moreover, the very problem of sex origin of eukaryotes in the process of evolution still has not settled. Existing theories and hypothesizes mainly concern the maintenance and biological reasonability of sexual mode of replication. Their theoretic foundation is based on Darwin’s and Mendel’s ideas that sex was originated due to natural selection and genes. On the basis of other model of genesis and sex evolution of eukaryote, it was suggested the idea of artificial sex regulation of mammals. Seemingly, the sex differentiation (SD) in animals and human is determined by the amount of constitutive heterochromatin region (cHR) in the Y chromosomes of the undifferentiated embryonic gonads (UEG) via cell thermoregulation. It is assumed the medulla and cortex tissue cells in the UEG differ in vulnerability to the increase of the intracellular temperature because of their anatomical position in genital ridges. If the amount of the cHR on Y chromosome is enough for efficient elimination of redundant metabolic heat from rapidly growing UEG cells the medulla tissue survives. Otherwise it doomed to degeneration and a cortex tissue will remain in the UEG. For artificial regulation of the SD it is proposed to remove a layer of cortex in the UEG.

Research shows that managing school is like managing a state. So, the school principal must be politician, economist, psychologist and sociologist. Culture, ethnicity, gender and religion of the school population may diverse and customers of the school require satisfying their needs. This paper of characteristics of effective principal discusses how perfect school principals look like. There are nine self-assessment tips that principals can measure themselves.I derived these nine tips from the nine alphabet letters that the word principal consists of. Each alphabet letter of the common word given to school leader stands for good jobs required to be fulfilled by the principal. Principals will understand that their task is unique and require extra knowledge and standards to apply it.After reading books and articles wrote by different scholars, I noted that leadership and principalship and are unique task, that are not easy all people to engage in. The principal is the corner stone of the school and plays important role on development of education programs.I see that it is necessary to equip principals with knowledge and skills to interact multiple changes and complex task of managing human being. Schools are the mirror of the life and birthplace of human resource so leaders of schools must be familiar with management skills and leadership styles.The main objective of the schools is to produce creative leaners who will be leaders of tomorrow; hence principals must be role models that students and other people in the schools will learn from them.