Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment but over the last few decades the water quality has been deteriorated due to its over exploitation. Water quality is essential parameter to be studied when the overall focus is sustainable development keeping mankind at focal point. Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in rural as well as in urban areas and over 94% of the drinking water demand is met by groundwater. The study has been carried out to assess the ground water quality and its suitability for drinking purpose in most rural habitations of Bassi tehsil of Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India. For this purpose, 50 water samples being collected from hand pumps, open wells and bore wells of villages of study area were analysed for different physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, nitrate, fluoride and total dissolved solids. pH value in the study area found from 6.3 to 8.7. EC ranges from 1100-16000 μmhos/cm and total alkalinity between 70 to 990 mg/L. Total hardness ranged from 30 to 980 mg/L and calcium hardness from 10 to 480 mg/L. Magnesium hardness varied from 20 to 500 mg/L and chloride from 20 to 3620 mg/L. Values of nitrate concentration varied from 9 to 224 mg/L and fluoride from 0.28 to 11.5 mg/L while value of TDS ranges from 770 to 11200 mg/L. The study reveals that almost all parameters were exceeding the permissible limits. As per the desirable and maximum permissible limit for fluoride and nitrate in drinking water, determined by WHO, BIS and ICMR standards, 64% and 42% of groundwater sources are unfit for drinking purposes respectively. Due to the higher fluoride level in drinking water, the several cases of dental and skeletal fluorosis have appeared at alarming rate in this region. After evaluating the data of this study, it is concluded that drinking water of Bassi tehsil is not potable and there is a

To the editor: In our study1 published in Sarcoma in 2011, we found that Connexin 43 (Cx43) was frequently (78%) expressed in the 36-Ewing sarcoma (ES) patient tissue microarray specimens. Most interestingly, a higher level of Cx43 overexpression was correlated with adverse clinical outcome and shorter survival regardless of tumor stage, location, tumor size and clinical management. Positive score of Cx43 was significantly correlated with reduced overall survival (p=0.02). The average positive Cx43 scores for patients alive and dead at 3 years was 46.08 and 96.98 (p=0.004) at 5 years was 46.06 and 96.43 (p=0.02) respectively. Recently, a study published in Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta2demonstrated that expression level of Cx43 was repressed by EWS-FLI1, Cx43 gene expression was associated with the gap junction intercellular communication changes and Cx43 inhibits ES growth via modulation of cell proliferation via p27.Surprisingly, ES overexpression of Cx43 reduced tumor growth and was associated with better survival.Although these two studies show different prognostic values regarding to Cx43 and ES, both confirm thatCx43 has a potential role in ES tumorogensis and prognosis.

Building social capital (SC) is increasingly recognized as essential for organizational and social growth. However, there is a scant amount of literature on how leaders are expected to develop SC as an individual and organizational competence. While this article develops new frameworks for both SC and global leadership (GL), it offers practical suggestions to practitioners in human resource development and management on how they can set up strategies for developing both GL and SC.

Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the important enteric pathogens which are gram-negative rods that are motile when isolated from environment but become nonmotile in mammalian host which cause human disease due to consumption of contaminated water and food and it has an invasivness ability to cross the gastrointestinal mucosa to infect the underlying tissue The pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica always harbouring the important virulence factors , Such as the virulence 70Kbp plasmid which encodes the Yop virulon and the HPI which encodes the Yersiniabactin iron responsible genes, but still other virulence genes in Yersinia enterocolitica exists need to be identified and chracterized. Subtractive hybridisation is one of the most powerfull tools for the identification of virulence genes in wide range of bacterial pathogens, and in this study the hybrydization of high pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 and low pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:5 was successfull to identify the two novel genes which are probably have relation to virulence. The prepilin peptidase which was proved by PCR in most pathogenic Yersinia species,and it is responsible for the faimbrial and pilli formation which has an adhesive and congugative functions which are important for the genetic materials transfere and the other gene is an invasine Inv homolog sequence which has an ORF of invasine Inv of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica which could be named as Inv2

In this paper, we have studied the concept of multiclass classification and support vector machine. After scrutinizing the problem of multiclass classification, we concluded the fact for how it is suited to describe the binary classification. Also illustrating various kernel functions associated with implementation for svm. By further proceeding, it would let you disclose the concept for fitness of support vector machine in multiclass letter recognition system.

The purpose of this study is to compare global knowledge and abilities between pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in Taiwan. To collect data, a questionnaire, containing 40 items within four categories, was developed and distributed to 537 samples. The results indicated that pre-service teachers had more global knowledge than did in-service teachers, in global correlation systems and global issues. Moreover, major and teaching fields had significant differences in global knowledge and abilities. The results of this study can be applied to improve teacher education programs for global education and to increase global concerns for teachers in different fields.

The scope of the paper is to investigate the basic factors of development worldwide. By following factor analysis, six variables that we consider of high importance for the overall development of nations, namely the level of income per capita, the degree of human development, the extent of government effectiveness, the level of perceived corruption, the range of political rights and the extent of civil liberties are found to be integrated into two basic factors of development: the socioeconomic factor and the political factor. The socioeconomic factor comprises the level of income per capita, the degree of human development, the extent of government effectiveness and the level of perceived corruption, while the political factor comprises the range of political rights and the extent of civil liberties. Our analysis unveils that both these factors are of crucial importance for the overall development of countries. Based on these two factors or criteria of development, our empirical work in the form of cluster analysis distinguishes four groups of countries that we describe and discuss in length. The basic conclusion that emerges from our cluster analysis is that although an effective strategy towards overall development demands integrated policies that incorporate both the socioeconomic and the political dimensions of development, most countries worldwide have not achieve both of them.

The solution for the multiprocessor system architecture is Application specific Network on Chip (NOC) architectures which are emerging as a leading technology. Modeling and simulation of multilevel network structure and synthesis for custom NOC can beneficial in addressing several requirements such as bandwidth, inter process communication, multitasking application use, deadlock avoidance, router structures and port bandwidth. The paper emphasizes on the network on chip modeling and synthesis of 2D network and intercommunication among multilevel 2D networks. NOC synthesis environment provides transaction level network modeling and address all the requirements together in an integrated chip. In the paper consideration is done for 2D, 8 x 8 network and similar networks are considered which are identified by their specific network address. NOC chip is developed using VHDL programming language. Design is implemented in Xilinx 14.2 VHDL software, functional simulation is carried out in Modelsim 10.1 b, student edition and synthesis process is carried out on Digilent Sparten -3E FPGA.

The popularity of the terms racial profiling and bias-based policing over the past few decades has provoked a great interest and curiosity among researchers and practitioners. Initially, studies are conducted from subaltern perspective by analyzing disparity in traffic stops; recently scholars twisted towards police perspective and started striving to understand bias in broader aspects of police-public interactions. In our study on 411 police officers, 30% admitted the prevalence of bias in their department, 40 % acknowledged the prevalence in the greater state of Alabama and further analysis revealed a scarlet differences among black and white officers and officers holding non-management and management positions.

Currently, smart phones are becoming indispensable for meeting the social expectation ofalways staying connected and the need for an increase inproductivity are the reasons for the increase in smartphone usage. One of the leaders of the smart phone evolution is Google’s Android operating system. It ishighly likely that Android is going to be installed in manymillions of cell phones during the near future. With thepopularity of Android smart phones everyone finds it convenient to make transactions through these smartphones because of the openness of Android applications. The malware attacks are also significant. Androidsecurity is complex and we evaluate an applicationdevelopment environment which is susceptible tomalware attacks. This paper evaluates Android securitywith the purpose of identifying a secure applicationdevelopment environment for performing securetransactions on Android-based smart phones.