This paper is an attempt to develop understanding of the interplay of different actors in Tajikistan after its independence from Soviet rule. Its main focus is to explore the revival, role and ideals of religious groups in Tajikistan as well the status and future prospects for democracy in the republic.

This paper incorporates a comprehensive study about the distributed power control algorithm in cellular communication systems. The algorithm requires only interference power estimations and/or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) estimations form the base station, and converge even in cases where limits on available power render the target SIR unattainable. Power control plays an important role to high demand for wireless communication services shows the need for technology to further increase the capacity of cellular communication systems. The capacity of the system is maximized if the transmitter’s power control is controlled so that its signal arrives at base station with minimum required signal-to-interference ratio. Nash equilibrium power provides substantial power savings as compared to the power balancing algorithm and Foschini and Miljanic Algorithm while reducing achieved SIR only slightly. Simulations show that the benefit of the Nash equilibrium power control over the power balancing solution increases as receiver noise power or number of users in the cell increases.

Development of pile driving hammers in the recent 160 years is considered. It is established that only the equipment used for raising the impact body (ram) on a certain height was being changed, whereas the driving itself is performed through the free fall on the pile, e.g. the very driving technology has remained unchanged since almost 8 000 years. In this connection, an interesting relationship is discovered – a new way of powering the ram comes around every 40 years! Another established tendency is a periodical increase in the mass of the impact body. Authors propose a new way of powering the ram that will lead to radical changes in the hammer design and driving technology. First and foremost, the impact body is additionally activated when striking a blow, and does not only rely on earth gravity.

Mega cities in South Asia are an epitome of traffic snarls and resulting vehicular pollution. Dhaka, a center of polity and economy in Bangladesh, is no exception. This study is focused on the measurement of air pollution levels at traffic congestion and road in Dhaka City. The aim of this paper is to discuss the vehicle engine emissions and the technologies and methodologies available to help reduce these emissions. It has been revealed that the pollution level at traffic congestions has considerably improved due to the large scale introduction of CNG vehicles in Dhaka city. Vehicle exhaust emission level assessment data show that Dhaka city is exposed to high concentration of CO, NOx and SOx. Some recommendations for air pollution control in Dhaka city are also incorporated in the paper.

The present study reveals with seasonal analysis of various physico-chemical parameters like Air temperature, Water temperature, E. C., pH, Free CO2, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorides, Nitrates, Phosphates, Sulfates and DO of surface water collected from six different sampling sites from Hiranyakeshi River during January 2010 to December 2010. During this period seasonal variation were observed in all the parameters from all sampling sites and found within the limits of WHO standards except at Site V. Electric conductivity at Site VI during winter and summer season were exceeding limits of WHO standards. Total hardness at Site V considerably increased than that of other Sites. Concentration of Chlorides was also considerably high at Site V in all seasons which are indication of pollution. Over all it has been concluded that Site V is considerably polluted than that of all other Sites.

This paper presents a retrospective critique of my own survey research conducted more than three decades ago in Tehran, Iran. The main finding of the research was that the managers of small companies in Iran had failed to implement the principles of western scientific management in their companies. A summary of the research and its results are presented. A social constructionist critique of the research and its approach is made as a cautionary note to those who continue to advance western theories of management and organizations as universal, “culture-free” and objective facts in non-western countries.

Functionally gradient materials are one of the most widely used materials. The objective of this research work is to perform a thermo-mechanical analysis of functionally gradient material square laminated plate made of Aluminum / Zirconia and compare with pure metal and ceramic. The plates are assumed to have isotropic, two-constituent material distribution through the thickness, and the modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. To achieve this objective, we shall use first shear deformation theory of plates and numerical analysis will be accomplished using finite element model prepared in ANSYS software. The laminated Functionally Gradient Material plate is divided in to layers and their associated properties are then layered together to establish the through-the-thickness variation of material properties. The displacement fields for functionally gradient material plate structures under mechanical, thermal and thermo mechanical loads are analyzed under simply supported boundary condition.

The appearance of slums may be seen as a byproduct in the process of urbanization in a developing country like India. Cities are a part of the fundamental changes in the society leading to socio-economic development and modernization. The cities, irrespective of their size, provide possibilities of varied occupations and collective services, such as health, education, cultural, technological, commercial or industrial services and thus act as focal points of development opportunities. In spite of Raipur’s prominent role in the economy of the region, urban population and especially the urban poor face serious problems due to population pressure, deterioration in the physical environment and quality of life. Eventually, the size and spread of slums in this area not only help us to identify that they are not anomalous and pathological phenomena on the urban setting but also a manifestation of urban poverty that is still predominant in the urban economy in India.

The study was designed to identify the limitations to the adoption of recommended aquaculture production technologies by smallscale fish farmers Oyo State. A structured interview schedule was utilized in obtaining information from two hundred and twenty two respondents. Data were analysed descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed majority (49.1%) of the respondents were with the economic active age and mostly males (84.2%). Constraints perceived by most of the farmers include high cost of fish feed and market price fluctuation (100%), high cost/lack of construction equipment (96.0%), non-availability/high cost of quality fish seed (90.1%) and preservation and storage facilities (75.2%). Chi square analyses showed that there is a significant association between adoption of innovation and sex (􀈤2 = 2.16, p < 0.05), educational level (􀈤2 = 9.30, p < 0.05), occupation (􀈤2 = 4.81, p < 0.05) and marital status (􀈤2 = 5.32, p < 0.05). It was concluded that efforts should be made by extension agents to design programmes aimed at co-opting small scale fish farmers towards achieving a mass adoption of recommended aquaculture production technologies.

This study assessed the socio-economic analysis of fish farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 222 fish farmers from all the four agricultural zones in the state. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and profitability ratios. The study revealed that the mean age, household size and fish farming experience were 46 years, 6 persons per household and 9.3 years respectively. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost (TC) of N 2,883, 515.08 was incurred, total revenue (TR) of N 4,873,521.29 was realized and a returning gross margin (GM) of N 2,376,616.36. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.69, rate of return of 0.69 gross revenue ratio (GRR) of 0.59 and expense structure ratio (ESR) of 0.15. This is an indication that fish farming is profitable in the study area. Constraints perceived by most of the farmers include high cost of fish feed and market price fluctuation. Significant level of profit obtained from the study is evidence that it has the potential in alleviating household poverty in the country thus; government should provide credit facilities with small interest rate to fish farmers.