Multiple cell reinforced box culverts are ideal bridge structure if the discharge in a drain crossing the road is large and if the bearing capacity of the soil is low as the single box culvert becomes uneconomical because of the higher thickness of the slab and walls. In such cases, more than one box can be constructed side- by- side monolithically. The box culvert has to be analyzed for moments, shear forces and thrusts developed due to the various loading conditions by any classical methods such as moment distribution method, slope deflection method etc. It becomes very tedious for the designer to arrive at design forces for various loading conditions. Hence a study is made to arrive at the coefficients for moments, shear forces and axial thrusts for different loading cases and for different ratios of L/H = 1.0, L/H = 1.25, L/H = 1.5, L/H = 1.75 and L/H = 2.0 for three cell box culvert. This enables the designer to decide the combination of various loading cases to arrive at the maximum design forces at the critical section thus saving considerable design time and effort.

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network where nodes communicate through other nodes without the aid of a base station. Security is a major challenge in MANET as the packets are prone vulnerability and eavesdropping in wireless environment. Generally MAC layer provides the security in such wireless network through encryption and authentication and the protocol is called WEP. Many authentication and encryption techniques are proposed to increase the security of the MANET. But stronger Security leads to more energy loss as mobiles have less energy and limited processing capability. In this work a Cross layer timestamp based network security technique is developed. The technique reduces the encryption packet overflow which is due to PKE or public key exchange, and derives the public key directly from the neighbor’s table which is transmitted using routing information exchange. The simulation is performed with omnet++ simulator. Performance results demonstrate that the energy overhead due to encryption or performance compromise are very low in the proposed system. Further as the protocol is embedded in the network layer it is easily adoptable to any existing architecture without modifying the MAC or Physical layer standard or protocol.

Objectives: This study dealt with characterization of maxillary sinus in patients with facial pain using ultrasound. Methods: It was carried out on 50 complaint patients of maxillary sinus problems who were referred to the National Center of Ear, Nose, and Throat. The instruments used were; Aloka SSD 500, Honda HS2000 portable with curvilinear probe 3.5MHz, and General ElectricLOGIQ5 Mobile with curvilinear and linear probe (3.5MHz, 10MHz). Results: patients were 27males (54%) and 23 females (46%), their ages ranging between (20-70 years) and the most affected age group was (20-30years). All of them were of maxillary pain (100%), 28 patients (56%) of halitosis, 29 (58%) postnasal drip, 30 (60%), stuffy nose, 27 (54%) fever and 17(34%) with of malaise. All patients were diagnosed previously by computerized tomography( CT )coronal scans, Ultrasounds findings in the maxillary sinuses of the patients were 30% polyps with hypo echoic cavity, 12% fluid with hypo echoic cavity with posterior margin was seen,2% cyst with hypo echoic area with well defined borders,12% mucosal thickening, 38% normal sonographic appearance of hyper echoic anterior wall and cavity and the posterior margins were not seen, 6% polyps mucosal thickening with hypo echoic cavity with echogenic bony walls. Conclusion: It concluded that the ultrasound has an sensitivity of76.6% and spasticity of 92.2% and ultrasound is beneficial in diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathology and could be used as one of the diagnostic imaging modality as it is easy, with no radiation hazards and non invasive.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish a local ultrasonic splenic length which can be used as reference for Sudanese healthy school age children and determine the normal standards spleen length related to gender, age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal circumference. Methods: 215 healthy school-aged children (7–13 years) from city centers were evaluated. Gender, age, weight, height, BMI, and abdominal circumference were determined for each case. The sonographic examination for spleen length performed with a high resolution real time scanner (SSD-500 Aloka Medical System) fitted with a 3.5MHz convex transducer; all of the measured spleens had a normal position, shape, and echo texture. The children were separated into 7groups according to age and were classified to male and female. Results: The mean length of the spleen was found to be 9.5-10.4cm.There was significant difference between the spleen length in male and female (P-value 0.000), the mean length of spleen in female is greater than in male, there is significant relation between spleen length and age ,weight, height, abdomen circumference and BMI Conclusion: The spleen length obtained in this study was in different range of values reported in previous studies and a local reference of spleen length was established. We hope this study contributes to daily clinical practice in ultrasound clinics; the spleen length for interpretation of sonographic examinations for Sudanese school age children.

Software product quality improvement is a desired attribute and a strenuous effort is required to achieve that. Static Code Analysis (SCA) is used to find coding bugs. Stylecop is an SCA tool from Microsoft. In this paper SCA and stylecop usages are discussed. Also a comparison of Software Testing, software Metrics & Source Code Analysis (SCA) is done. Product PS designed by author1 and author2 is introduced. PS application is analyzed using static SCA tool Stylecop. After analysis recommendations were applied to PS. The results showed improved software quality attributes.

Hydrochloric acid is used as pickling acid in galvanizing industry to remove rust from steel. Usage of this acid incurs high expenditure cost when it is disposed as scheduled waste. The importance of this study is to come up with a better way to minimize the cost being spent for hydrochloric acid disposal by optimizing and extending the life span of the hydrochloric acid. The methodology used in this project is by conducting experiment of regeneration of Hydrochloric acid using Kleingarn acid management system, collecting experiment data and calculating the short and long term cost eduction that can be achieved. The results obtained through experimentation shows that acid purchase time has been successfully extended; which in return helps to reduce the fresh hydrochloric acid purchase frequency. Implementation of Kleingarn acid management system helped theacid dumping frequency to be extended. This is a positive result because extension of the acid disposal time also means that lesser spent acid waste are being produced and lesser hazardous wastewill be disposed in the future.

The objective of this contribution was to compare the quality and sensorial evaluation in two categories: cows (n=26) and bulls (n-16) of the Slovak Pied breed. We found highly significant differences between the categories in the basic characteristics of animals. The greatest differences were noticed in age, weight of carcass and live weight before slaughter. Approximately equal qualitative parameters were noticed in both categories when meat quality was studied. We noticed significant results in the parameter intramuscular fat in favour of the category of bulls, and in pH48 and colour richness (a) in favour of the category of cows. The rest of results was variable, although more favourable parameters of meat quality were noticed for the category of bulls. More favourable results were also in sensorial evaluation of meat in favour of the category of bulls.

This paper focuses on hosting and analyzing medical diagnostic data using soft computing. This is a project proposal for medical database system using soft computing, using data mining and cloud computing features. Data mining features are added to gain more control over the system. Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. The proposed database system can provide new delivery models to make healthcare more efficient and effective, and at a lower cost to technology budgets.

Bangladesh is one of the developing countries in the world and which is struggling to overcome the impediments of economy. As a part of it is highly depends on the enhancement of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). So, now-a-days it can be considered as a vital instrument for our economy to be dynamic. In this paper an attempt has been made to review the present state (in 2012) of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangladesh. This paper has been prepared based on a sample of 200 Small Size of Businesses (SSBs) in different parts of Tangail district and the performance has been measured on ten broad indicators which incorporates several sub indicators. From the analysis it has been found that this sector is growing rapidly and playing significant roles in the economy of Bangladesh as to alleviate the rate of poverty by creating new hope for the unemployed. It has also been caught sighted that this sector having some of its deviations to reach the international level of standard. At the end of this paper, it provides worth mentionable suggestions against the deviations.

This study utilised correlation and distribution analyses to investigate the acceptability of application of two fractal dimension estimators to characterise the waveforms originating from excited nonlinear pendulum. Parameters selection sensitive simulation of the excited nonlinear pendulum waveforms was performed with the constant time step fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with codes developed in FORTRAN90. However, the waveforms validated by Gregory and Jerry (1990) and treated as time series were characterized using developed codes of Carlos (1998) and Hurst fractal dimension estimation procedures. The validation results compare qualitatively well and the correlation coefficients between Carlos (1998)-based and Hurst’s exponent based dimension estimate for the angular displacement and velocity are respectively R2 = 0.68 and R2 = 0.66. A higher correlation coefficient ( R2 = 0.84 ) existed between the estimated Hurst’s exponent of the angular displacement and velocity. The Hurst distribution exhibited both full spectrum and peak values range 0.04 to 1.00 and percentage probability range 2 to 12. The sum of this study results is the interchange possibility and utility of the two fractal dimension estimators as waveforms characterising tool.