The development of 802.16 standards for Broadband Wireless Access technologies was motivated by the rapidly growing need for high-speed, ubiquitous and cost-effective access. The limitations of conventional Broadband wireless access have been overcome with the scalable features of WiMAX. The aim of this paper is to analyse all compulsory features of the WiMAX OFDM physical layer specified in IEEE 802.16e. This paper gives an overview about the WiMAX standard and studies the performance of a WiMAX transmitter and receiver. This is done in order to study the WiMAX network practically. WiMAX network is implemented and analysed in great detail with the help of simulation results. Simulation is performed in the Matlab simulink.

Part I of this two-part study introduces the concept of franchising, outlines its unique elements, delineates the categories or types of franchises and lines of businesses involved in franchising, describes the benefits of franchising in the U.S. economy, provides a guide to the various types of fees associated with the franchise relationship, and discusses the issues surrounding performance measurement and master franchising. In Part II, the authors will discuss the important legal aspects of franchising centering on the franchise contract, important Federal Trade Commission required disclosures associated with the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD), and aspects of antitrust law applicable to the franchise relationship.

The performance of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) depends on various parameters like, Er+3 doping concentration, active fiber length, pump power, pumping wavelength etc. In this paper, the analysis of gain and noise figure (NF) of EDFA is done at different pump power (10, 50, & 100mw) and at different fiber length (10, 30, & 50m) for different pumping configuration i.e. forward pumping, backward pumping, and bidirectional pumping operating in C-band at high data rate.

Backgrounds: The objective of the present study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of pre-emptive intravenous (IV) paracetamol, lornoxicam and placebo following third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study where 50 patients had both of their identical impacted mandibular third molars impacted. Before the removal of the impacted third molar tooth on one side either of the two drug regimens (1g paracetamol or 8 mg lornoxicam) administered preemptively and 15 days later second surgical approach was performed but this time for comparison the other drug regimen (which was not chosen initially) was carried out as the preemptive agent; and all of the operations were performed by the same surgeon. Diclofenac sodium up to 75 mg daily was provided as rescue medication. The postoperative rescue analgesic consumption was recorded and pain scores were evaluated with a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) at 15,30 min and 1,2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h postoperatively. Results: There was a significant difference in mean second hour VRS scores between paracetamol and lornoxicam group in favor of the lornoxicam (p<0.05). But, conversely, there was no statistically significant difference in the need of use and the consumption of rescue analgesic medication between two drug groups. Conclusion: Pre-emptive IV paracetamol and lornoxicam effectively decreased the pain scores as compared to placebo in third molar surgery.

The unique place in the globe which owns almost thousands of languages is found in New Guinea Island; one of the languages belongs to Austronesian languages are the primary focus in this article. These languages and other languages in this island are noted to be gigantic assets to linguists who are interested in exploring the distinctive languages in the world in the area of linguistics. The article aims at presenting the historical description of Austronesian languages including its characteristics. Its phonological and grammatical aspects are presented to demonstrate the uniqueness of these languages used by speakers who have typical characteristics of the Austronesian cultural back-grounds. A brief history of Austronesian culture is also provided. The word “Papua” (used to be called Irian Jaya) in the above title is the name of the Eastern Province belongs to the Republic of Indonesia. This province shares border with Papua New Guinea (PNG).

Diseases such as diabetes, cancers, hypertension and obesity are problematic diseases in the adult population. The use of functional foods that consists of phytocompounds such as antioxidants that can act as prophylactics against such diseases has received considerable attention by the academia, food industry and the general public. The present study aimed at investigating antioxidant capacity and microbial attributes of cow milk fortified with Hypotrigona squamuligera honey. Antioxidant capacity was assayed using 2.2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antiradical activity and peroxide value method. Pour plate assay was used to investigate microbial attributes. The fortified milk revealed a significant DPPH antiradical activity than unfortified milk p > 0.05. A higher percentage inhibition of 98.38 ± 0.40 was achieved with fortified milk as compared to 47.27 ± 1.00. Fortified milk also exhibited significantly lower peroxide values and microbial attributes than unfortified milk. The present study results reveals that fortifying milk with H. squamuligera honey improves its antioxidant capacity and microbial inhibitory activity. This means that fortifying milk with H. squamulingera honey preserve milk and maintains its health promoting effects.

An attempt is made in this study to evaluate the impact of Mattani Aza Khel Dam on the crop revenues, agriculture practices and overall socio-economic conditions of the area. Primary data regarding household characteristics and farm related data were collected though pre-tested interview schedule while secondary data was collected from printed documents such as PC-I, PC-IVs, progress reports, Development Statistics etc. After construction of dam in the study area, the crop revenue has significantly increased. The traditional cropping pattern has been shifted to the market oriented crops while yield of almost every crop has been improved. The number of livestock has also been increased. The water table has improved and wells were recharged as before dam construction, people were facing acute shortages of water for domestic use. This has reduced drudgery on the local inhabitants. Before dam these people had no proper source of income due to which they were primarily engaged in illegal practices, however, after dam they had started a new life as majority of the people has sufficient land for agriculture. Certain issues were observed that were hindering optimal use of dam water. The uneven distribution of water, lack of water user association, lack of agriculture extension support services and credit facilities, improper maintenance of canal were the additional problems for the farmers. However if these problems are removed, more benefits can be taken from the dam water for local farmers and overall socio economic growth of the people.

Data mining provides tools to convert a large amount of knowledge data which is user relevant. But this process could return individual’s sensitive information compromising their privacy rights. So, based on different approaches, many privacy protection mechanism incorporated data mining techniques were developed. A widely used micro data protection concept is k-anonymity, proposed to capture the protection of a micro data table regarding re-identification of respondents which the data refers to. In this paper, the effect of the anonymization due to k-anonymity on the data mining classifiers is investigated. Naïve Bayes classifier is used for evaluating the anonymized and non-anonymized data.

Limbuwan is the land inhabited and dominated by the indigenous Limbu people. The Limbu are very rich in ethno-medicinal knowledge and culture as well. The main objective of this work is to document the ethno-medicinal knowledge of the Limbu community with semistructured interviews and questionnaire methods. A total of 225 species, in 191 genera and 92 families, in terms of life form, 100 herb species, 48 tree species, 46 shrub species and 25 climber species were documented as medicinal plants in Limbuwan. Among these, 52 species are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, 40 species for cut-wound-burn (CWB). The ethnomedicinal treatments are performed by Limbu healers (Phedangma) who have immense knowledge of ethno-medicine. Among the various categories, 112 species for oral administration, 92 species in extract form and root part of 67 species are used in Limbu community. This study found that the Limbu community uses more plants than other ethnic communities. Despite the efficacy of the indigenous knowledge it is gradually eroding day by day in the name of civilization.

The study investigates the response of Irish potato to some climate variables in Jos-South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The data collected include yield of Irish potato, in tons per hectare, and climatic data for twenty years (1989-2009). These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and later on subjected to correlation and regression statistical techniques so as to determine the relationship between yield of Irish Potato and climatic elements for different phenological stages of crop growth. The results show that there is no significant variation in most of the agro-climatic data between the different years. High variations in the values of agro-climatic are only found within total rainfall, rainfall in July, May, and to some extent, rainfall in April and June. Findings on the correlation analysis show that, at sprouting to emergence/vegetative stage, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly correlate with Irish potato at 1% significance level respectively. Also, total rainfall correlates significantly with yield at tuber set/initiation stage at 5% significance level. In the same vein, minimum temperature significantly correlates with yield at tuber bulking/ripenin stage at 1% significant level. Step-wise regression analysis selected two critical elements negatively influencing the yield of Irish Potato in Jos-South. These are minimum temperature at tuber bulking/ripening stage and rainfall in July.