In this paper we critically examine various morphologic edge detectors, the methods they apply, their orientation in detecting the edges accurately and to raise the de-noising capacity. Comparative analysis of these edge detectors reveals the various advantages and disadvantages of one approach over the other.

Introduction: Laparascopic cholecystectomy is considered the treatment of choice for cholelithiasis. Laparosopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in patients with acute cholecystitis, but there is a difference between conversion rates in patients operated within 72 hours from the onset of the symptoms and those after. The main reason for conversion on early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the inflammation that interferes and makes the anatomy of the Calot’s triangle less visible, while other factors for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis are the timing of the operation, age, BMI, CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), fever, tenderness in the right upper abdomen and ultrasonographic finding ofextremely thickened gallbladder wall, close relation of the Hartmann’s pouch with hepaticoduodenal ligament, the gallbladder size and the number and size of stones. Case presentation: Here we present a case of 74 year old female patient, who presented at our institution with 6 day history of abdominal pain, nausea and fever, with physical, laboratory and ultrasound signs of acute cholecystitis. She underwent an laparoscopic exploration ofabdominal cavity in order to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Because ofextremely large and thickened gallbladder wall and short xyphoid-umbilicus distance, conversion was mandated. Conclusion: The enormous size of gallbladder in patients with acute cholecystitis, accompanied with short xyphoid-umbilicus distance can be a reason for conversion to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This paper discusses how imagination mediates children’s understanding of new knowledge. Through a theoretical framework based on Vygotsky’s concept of “creative imagination”, this study looks at children’s imagination as a way to make new information meaningful. Verbal stimuli, a story about the world read by four Kindergarten teachers provide grounds to investigate how children’s imagination gives meaning to new information. The paper reports the findings of a research project that compares and analyses the use of reading groupwork in four kindergarten schools, two in Burgos, Spain and two in Tampico, México. We begin by providing the theoretical stance that supports the study. Next, we explain the methodology used in the study. The data is then discussed and interpreted. While Imagination appears to be a source of information, it seems to be a process generated between the teacher and the student stemming from teacher’s requests.

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Son of a period of profound transformations, Tomé Tavares (1570-1634) is part of a baroque spirit, marked by the unveiling of the words and by the satire’s poisonous and unmeasured guillotine. In a society marred by hypocrisy and the worldly frivolities, burlesque satire comes as a regenerator blow, giving rise not only to an irreverent laugh, often in complicity, but also as a releasing factor by a world steeped in misrepresented values.

The aim of this study was examine genetic diversities in bread wheat based on Agronomic and Quality Traits and SDS-PAGE Method. Bread wheat genotypes are Prostor, Eser, Daphan, Kınacı 97, Bağcı 2002, Tosunbey, Karahan 99, Katea 1, Nenehatun, Lancer, Karasu 90, Alparslan, Palandöken 97, Konya 2002 and Doğu 88 were used. Results revealed that Prostor wheat genotype differed from the other genoypes in three traits (gliadin subunits, agronomic and quality traits); Eser, Tosunbey and Kınacı 97 genotypes showed similarities in agronomic traits and gliadin subunits. Some genotypes presented similarities in each analysis and these similarities in terms of genotypes was different for each traits. Determination of genetic characteristic of genotypes in breeding programs provides genotype classification, genetic purity, similarities and dissimilarities early material selection. Gliadin pattern of wheat genotypes are free from environment, they are easy and forceful method in evaluation of genetic materials, breeding programs, pure seed productions in hexaploid wheat.

The influence of chemical admixtures on the properties of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) was investigated. All types of used admixtures were the same percentage of 1.4% according technical data. The water – cement ratio was maintained at 0.36 for all mixes [8] [9]. The paper presents test results for acceptance characteristics of flow ability, resistance against segregation, and passing ability of self-compacting concrete in fresh state. Further, mechanical properties of hardened concrete such as compressive, tensile and flexural strength at the ages of 7 and 28 were also determined, and results of Absorption and sorptivity result are included here. The results indicate that Sika ViscoCrete 3425 and AddiCrete BVS 100 give better results for all tests.

Background : There are repeated evidences suggesting potential therapeutic effects of Blumea aurita; however, the literature lacks scientific proofs for these benefits. Aims : 1) to determine phytochemical constituents of Blumea aurita, 2) to evaluate anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of Blumea aurita 3) to assess the membrane stabilizing activity of Blumea aurita as a possible mechanism for its therapeutic effects. Material and Methods : Phytochemical constituents were determined according to the standard methods. A series of experiments were conducted in animal models using Wister albino rats to evaluate the possible effects of Blumea aurita. Edema-inhibition percent (EI %) and granuloma tissue-formation inhibition (GTI %) were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects, the hot plate method to assess analgesic effects and inhibition percent of heatinduced and hypotonic solution-induced RBCs haemolysis to determine membrane stabilizing activity. Results : The phytochemical screening of Blumea aurita revealed presence of triterpenes, flavonoids, saponin, cumarins, tannins and traces of alkaloids. The herb is devoted from unsaturated sterols and anthraquinon. Experimental evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of Blumea aurita revealed highest EI % after 4 hours of oral administration of Blumea aurita extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg (EI% = 53%), and 6 hours at 800mg/kg (EI% = 67%). Conclusion : The current results strongly suggest anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic and membrane stabilizing effects of Blumea aurita. The relevance of the potential therapeutic effects of Blumea aurita to its phytoconstituents was discussed.

For a given organism, relevant information about the internal environment can be easily accessed by its hematological profile. Chloramphenicol being a potent broad spectrum antibiotic is used readily in eyed drop formulations and is also in food industry. In the present study, varying doses (750, 1500 and 2250 mg/kg B.Wt) of Chloramphenicol (CAP) was administered orally as single daily dosage for 24 days to Male Charles Foster rats, to assess the hematological changes associated with oral exposure to the drug. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent decrease in Red Blood Cells (RBC) count, Hemoglobin (Hgb), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and increase in Hematocrit (Hct), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Platelets compared to the initial blood profile. The results recorded in this present study suggested that exposure to CAP results in Hematotoxicity. Hence, the potential of CAP to cause hematotoxicity is reported in the study.

Background and Objective : A number of studies have previously described elevated levels of homocysteine as an independent coronary heart disease and stroke risk factor. The results of above studies show different data for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphism and hyperhomocysteinemia, which is the cause of cerebrovascular accident. Purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a link between hyperhomocysteinemia and A1298CC, C677 genotype associated with acute cerebral infarction. Methods : The prospective study included patients (n=102) with acute cerebral infarction, regardless of its genesis or transient ischemic attack, and patients with a history of cerebral infarction of any age, that correlates with the imaging techniques. The control group (n = 34) consisted of patients without a history of cerebrovascular disease, showing no indication of previous strokes according to imaging techniques. Homocysteine was determined using IMMULITE 2000 testing system. Results : Comparing the both groups, increased homocysteine level association with the cerebrovascular event was not observed (p=0.4). By studying the genetic polymorphism of MTHFR, a statistically significant relationship of elevated homocysteine with C677TT (p=0.15), C677CT (p=0.61) and C677CC (p=0.90) was not detected. Similar results were obtained for A1298 genetic polymorphism. Conclusion : This study showed that there is no link between hyperhomocysteinemia and MTHFR genetic polymorphism in the investigated population associated with risk of acute cerebral infarction. Taking into consideration the relationship of homocysteine with folic acid and vitamin B12 levels, the next phase of study will include the determination of these two parameters in addition.