Digital image watermarking is used to identify the authenticity and integrity and to show the identity of its owners. This paper presents a more secure method for copy right protection. In the proposed method, the color image is decomposed into 3 color channels Red, Green and Blue and then DWT and DCT are applied to B channel of the R, G and B channels. The colored Watermark image is decomposed into R, G, B channels and DCT is applied to all the channels separately. R, G, B channels of watermark image are embedded into mid frequency coefficients of B channel already selected. The performance of proposed algorithm is measured by using Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Standardized Correlation and Normalized Correlation. A comparative study of proposed scheme with the existing methods which uses DWT-DCT transforms is carried here and results shown.

In this paper we have evaluated some indefinite integrals associated to Hypergeo-metric function. The results represent here are assume to be new.

Neste artigo, analiso, com o auxílio dos conceitos balizadores da ciência geográfica, duas obras de autores norte americanos: Amazon Town de Charles Wagley e o diário de viagem de George E. Hafstad. Trabalhos que expõem a Amazônia brasileira e o modo de vida do seu povo, descrevendo em detalhes ações, hábitos, pensamentos e crenças, a maneira de atuar do homem amazônico, descrições que formam um cenário de composições e de orientações da Amazônia para o mundo. O objetivo principal deste artigo é a verificação das percepções e representações dos pesquisadores estrangeiros ao traduzir contextos e cenários amazônicos à sua comunidade, com o auxílio das noções de espaço, lugar, paisagem e território. O interesse à análise desses materiais se deve a singular descrição de detalhes amazônicos que demonstram a preocupação de técnicos estrangeiros envolvidos com a pesquisa na Amazônia brasileira, entre os anos de 1940 a 1950, com a leitura de contextos e cenários e a minuciosa tradução dessa realidade à sua comunidade e, ainda, pela possibilidade da observação e desmistificação de compreensões errôneas feitas por esses pesquisadores e o resgate de valores culturais e históricos dessa região.

The new compounds 6,6-dimethyl-2-cyclopentadienylethylbicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene (4) and 6,6-dimethyl-2-indenylethylbicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene (5) were synthesized in 82% and 60% yield respectively using 6,6-dimethyl-2-p-toluenesulphonyloxomethylbicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene (2). However, compounds -(4) and (5) were obtained in 71% and 81% yield respectively using 6,6-dimethyl-2-sulphonyloxomethylbicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene (3).All compounds were characterized by NMR, Infra-red, Micro Analysis and Mass Spectroscopy.

The study examined the relevance of agricultural extension services on crop production in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara state. Nigeria. Data were collected by using structured interview schedule admistered on, 112 farmers’ sampled for the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages were used for the analysis and T test was used to test the stated hypothesis. Results show that (77.7%) of the respondents were between the age category of 31-50years, while 74.1% were male, 58.9% had no formal education while 40.2% had low level of education. Almost all the respondents were visited by village extension agents while 61.6% of the respondent cultivated farm size of between 1 to 5 hectares, and 73.2% cultivated maize, 70.5% cultivated yam, 67.9% cassava. Respondents indicated relevance of agricultural practices introduced by extension agents. Findings also show that there was no significant difference in land use before and after extension services, but there was significant different in crops yield. There is need for motivation of extension agent through adequate provision of field operation facilities in order to encourage their commitment and dedication to duty.

lthough both authors were concerned with similar subjects, comparing such different lives is almost impossible. In both cases there is a whole life devoted to literature, to literary study, history and culture. Frye and Bakhtin lived in very different worlds - Canada and Russia-without mutual knowledge of each other, completely ignoring each other’s intellectual creation.

Early literature on the Chimurenga II in Zimbabwe has been conspicuously silent on the contribution of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) commando unit called the ‘Crocodile Gang’. Later literature on the same pointed to the Chinhoyi Battle of 1966 as the harbinger to Chimurenga II. This article rewinds the clock backward to 1964 and argues that the Crocodile Gang’s 1964 sabotage activities in the Melsetter district of Manicaland, which led to the killing of an Afrikaner white man instead launched the Second Chimurenga for ZANU. The paper interrogates the group’s activities in order to situate it in its proper historical place. It avers that the heroic activities of the group have continued to be overshadowed by exclusive nationalist history that continues to situate its contribution to obscurity. The paper argues that the activities of the group illuminated the armed struggle and inspired many to join the war of liberation.

A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria, has been classified as small, medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means of economic development and a veritable means of solving problems. It is also a seedbed of innovations, inventions and employment. Presently in Nigeria, SMEs assist in promoting the growth of the country’s economy, hence all the levels of government at different times has policies which promote the growth and sustenance of SMEs. Small scale industry orientation is part of the Nigerian history. Evidence abound in the communities of what successes our great grand parents, made of their respective trading concerns, yam barns, cottage industries, and the likes.

This paper contains the general introduction to our study. The research is expected to discuss the background of study which highlights what marketing and relationship marketing is, and its emergence as a strategy by Igbo SMEs in Nigeria. The research will go further to discuss our statement of problems, the research questions, research hypotheses, objectives of the study, significance and scope of the study, and the foreseeable limitations of the study. The significance and research questions form the basis of the hypotheses formulated. It also reviewed both emperical and theoretical literature, discussed the findings and made relevant recommendations that will assist the Igbo SMES in adopting relationship Marketing in Nigeria.

This chapter contains the general introduction to our study. The research is expected to discuss the background of study which highlights what marketing and relationship marketing is, and its emergence as a strategy by Igbo SMEs in Nigeria. The research will go further to discuss our statement of problems, the research questions, research hypotheses, objectives of the study, significance and scope of the study, and the foreseeable limitations of the study. The significance and research questions form the basis of the hypotheses formulated.