This study provides an overview of the potential impact of employing indigenous rainwater- harvesting technology in alleviating poverty in the Cholistan Desert of Pakistan. Ideal characteristics for run-off farming catchments result from the combination of landforms and soil properties. Many soils in the region exhibit low to very low infiltration and high levels of run-off. It has been demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between water availability and poverty reduction. This study outlines both the advantages and disadvantages of the indigenous rainwater-harvesting technology in reducing rural poverty and recommends its use with modern water harvesting techniques

Adequate nutrition are basic requirements for economic development, since an underfed nation is an under productive nation. This study therefore determined the utilization of soybean in a major soybean producing community in one of the soybean producing state in Nigeria. This is because soybean has the potentials to ensure adequate diet and good health. The study area is Oniyo community in Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State. One hundred and thirty soybean farmers were selected using simple random sampling. Primary data was collected using interview schedule from the 130 selected farmers, but 123 of the schedules were found to be useable. Data were described and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, chart, chi square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Result of data analysis revealed that soybean is cultivated by male and female, as well as old and young. Most of the soybean farmers have a household size of between four to six people and household labor of between one and two people. Majority of the farmers have had between 11 to 20 years of soybean cultivation and have mean income of between =N=20,000 to =N=40,000 per month. Farmers’ awareness of soybean benefits was neither significantly high nor low and consequently their level of perception of soybean benefits. However, the level of constraints to soybean use was remarkably low and thus the level of soybean utilisation was high. Soybean compared with other prominent crops like cassava, yam and maize revealed that majority of farmers considers soybean lowest in social relevance and yield, yet almost all the farmers acknowledged that soybean has the most diversity of usage among the four crops. Chi-square tests of hypotheses show that there is significant relationship between marital status and soybean utilisation. It also showed that the more educated farmers are the higher there utilisation of soybean. Correlation test of hypotheses reveals that the higher the age, monthly income and years

Digital mobile communications is one of the great success stories of recent years, offering people levels of mobility and services never available before. The new 3G services will push mobile even further, opening up opportunities for true broadband mobile services. This is not the end of the road for mobile, however. On the contrary, we are still only at the beginning of the mobile revolution. Already the requirements for the next generation of mobile and wireless communications technology are emerging. Future systems must put user needs centre stage - seamlessly integrating the many different communication systems we see emerging today so as to deliver personalised enhanced services to users. In addition, they will require open interfaces and architectures to allow different players to inter-work and offer new services. Such an open approach will be essential for players to compete in a market where users are increasingly mobile and their requirements continually changing. Digital rights management and content management will also be important considerations.

Flax is one of the earliest plants that has been domesticated by humans. Due to high amounts of omega-3 fatty acid, its cultivation and consumption is increasing as a healthy oil resource. In nutritional point of physiology zinc and nitrogen are two important elements in plant biosynthesis. So in this experiment, effects of three levels of nitrogen (40, 60 and 80 kg/ha) and two levels of zinc sulfate (control and 3/1000) on five flax cultivars in split factorial based on randomized complete block design was investigated. The results showed that genotypes in terms of height, capsul number, seed yield and biological yield revealed significant differences (P􀂔􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀔􀀌􀀑􀀃􀀬􀁑􀀃􀁄􀁇􀁇􀁌􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁘􀁏􀁗􀁖􀀃􀁖􀁋􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁄􀁗􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁋􀁌􀁊􀁋􀁈􀁖􀁗􀀃􀁜􀁌􀁈􀁏􀁇􀀃􀁚􀁄􀁖􀀃􀁒􀁅􀁗􀁄􀁌􀁑􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁉􀁕􀁒􀁐􀀃􀁗􀁕􀁈􀁄􀁗􀁐􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀛􀀓􀀃 kg nitrogen and (3/1000) zinc sulfate spray.

Contrary to long held erroneous notion that women leadership in Muslim society is anathema, it has been conclusively proved that this is false. Women leadership, particularly in traditional society, has been in existence in northern part of the country from time immemorial. As a result of our more than five years intensive research into this area, we can now prove with exactitude that female emirs exist in the north like their Obas and Obis counterparts in the Southern parts of the country. The concern of this paper is to shed light on the nature and character of female emirs found in the north.

This paper examines the contribution of the discipline in Africa. It is argued that psychology has a significant role to play in solving educational, social, psychological, health and other related problems affecting developing countries. Due to problems of urbanization. Modernization and westernization, the need for adequately trained indigenous psychologists who can skillfully analyze and suggest solution has been underscored. The use of proper methodological designs suitable to the African environment will have to be employed in order to avoid the pitfalls heretofore encountered by researchers in the interpretation of results arising from biased techniques. The complexity and diversity of cultures in African countries should enrich the research base for psychological investigations, which should in turn lead to wideranging solutions to the ensuring problem. The challenge and role of psychology to development in Africa cannot therefore be gainsaid.

Emotional Intelligence by now does not need any introduction. Its importance and relevance in various fields is being scientifically researched and asserted. Yet, the cross-cultural relevance of the concept still remains an unexplored area. This paper analyses Mayer and Salovey’s ‘ability model’ against the background of Indian culture through the Bhagavad-Gita. It explores the similarities and draws parallel to the emotionally intelligent person as surmised by Mayer and Salovey, and the ‘Sthithapragnya’ as described by Lord Krishna in the Bhagavad- Gita.

A large number of multi-storey reinforced concrete (R/C) framed building structures in urban India are constructed with masonry in fills for architectural, aesthetic or economic reasons. We have investigated the effect of the layout of masonry infill panels over the elevation of masonry in filled R/C frames on the seismic performance and potential seismic damage of the frame under strong ground motions using nonlinear static push-over analysis based on realistic and efficient computational models. From output non-linear analysis, we compare Base shear and Displacement in bare frame, in fill wall frame and ground, it seen that at roof level, displacement in bare frame is more than other two frames and displacement at ground floor in weak story is more than other two frames. Mostly hinges are formed in beam than in column.

Broadcasting, one of the fundamental operations of the wireless ad-hoc networks, can be implemented using two approaches i.e static and dynamic. In broadcasting a node disseminates a message to all other nodes within the network. Usually in static approach the forwarding or non-forwarding status of the node is determined by a globally known priority function and local topology information. The static approach can achieve a constant approximation factor to optimal solution only if position information is available which is not possible in all cases. This paper shows that constant approximation to optimal solution can be obtained using connectivity information only. The status of each node is determined ‘on-the-fly’ i.e while the broadcasting process is being done. This local broadcast algorithm can achieve both full delivery and constant approximation to the optimal solution. The security issues can be solved by comparing the expected and perceived packet delivery ratios.

The study aims at finding the application of Human Resources Information Systems (HRIS) in the private universities of Bangladesh. The paper is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaire from the HR personnel of 35 out of 61 Private Universities of Bangladesh. A five scale Likert technique has been used to investigate the interviewees’ opinion. The study reveals that only 22.9 % universities studied are using HRIS in full extent while 42.9% use HRIS to some extent. In 34.3% universities there is very limited applications of HRIS. Again, the highest use of HRIS is observed in recruiting and selection in private universities which is 80%. 74.3% universities use HRIS in their payroll system while the least use of HRIS is found in training and development of employees as only 14 (40%) universities apply HRIS technique for need assessment and train their employees. The paper explored that there is a gap between expected application of HRIS and present level of use in the selected private universalities. Among the main reasons of such gap Lack of infrastructure and high cost are found vital. The other reasons are lack of expertise in this field and insufficient training of the employees.