Anabolic steroid usage has been recognized as a serious health and ethical problem in youth for several decades. Numerous examples of steroid usage rules violations have been highly publicized and have lead to the suspension .Youth, however, are not the only population of individuals that use steroids. The objective of this article is to determine the usage of steroids in the youth as a trend and to compare our findings with survey that why steroids are consumed and what are the advantages and disadvantages and also acknowledgement. To measure these attitudes, we conducted a survey of 200 people from different gyms. More than (83.5 %) percent of the study group reported that they heard about current or previous anabolic steroid usage. According to the previous eighty-eight (88%) percent had heard of anabolic steroids, but only 59.5% had heard their side effects explained to them. In survey, 88% had heard of anabolic steroids, 59.5% had heard the side effects explained to them, and 19.5% admitted to using steroids. 24.5% said that steroids should be promoted. Only 16.5% says that steroids are healthy and 29.5 % think that a steroid improves muscles and strength. Only 18.5% take steroids as a pain reliever. These results suggest that anabolic steroids remain a problem among young. Educational programs should be instituted during junior high school to increase the knowledge of anabolic steroids in this group. Information should come from qualified individuals including coaches, teachers, trainers, and especially parents.

Mobile ad-hoc networks are becoming ever more popular due to their flexibility, low cost, and ease of deployment. Among these attacks, routing attacks have received considerable attention since it could cause the most devastating damage to MANET Early proposed routing protocols were not designed to operate in the presence of attackers. There have been many subsequent attempts to secure these protocols, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Even though there exist several intrusions response techniques to mitigate such critical attacks, existing solutions typically attempt to isolate malicious nodes based on binary or native fuzzy response decisions. To allow for a comparison of these secure protocols, a single common attacker model is needed. Our first contribution in this work is to develop a comprehensive attacker model categorizing attackers based on their capabilities. This is in contrast to the existing models which seek to categorize attacks and then map that categorization back onto the attackers. However, binary responses may result in the unexpected network partition, causing additional damages to the network infrastructure, and native fuzzy responses could lead to uncertainty in countering routing attacks in MANET. Our second contribution is an analysis of the SAODV routing protocol using our new model, which demonstrates the structured approach inherent in our model and its benefits compared to existing work.

Ecosystem services are the benefits that societies receive from the nature. These may be in the form of regulating, provisioning, supporting or cultural services.Wetland being one of the most productive ecosystems provides these services at no cost. These ecosystems also contribute to reducing disaster risk by serving as natural protective barriers or buffers and, thus, mitigating hazard impacts. But many such wetland ecosystems are tremendous stressed due to anthropogenic pressure. Wetlands on the fringes of river channels in the city are looked upon as a resource for different land use planning. The capital Delhi manifests all the ills that a river system (Yamuna) can possibly face, made the city more vulnerable and disaster prone as evident from frequent incidences of flood, water crisis and disease outbreak. Rapidly increasing urbanisation with limited integration of values and functions of floodplains in developmental planning has led to their fragmentation. This study is an attempt to assess the present state of ecosystems, its services particularly in reducing the risk of water and climate related disasters like flood, drought and epidemics in East Delhi and part of National Capital Refion

This paper is on the possible impacts of economic crisis on regional integration. It focuses on the possible impacts of the 2008 global financial and economic crisis (GFEC) and the 2010 Euro Zone sovereign debt crisis on regional integration process. The author identifies and analyses various possible ways in which the two economic crises can negatively affect the regional integration process in the East African Community (EAC). These ways include but are not limited to the impacts of the crises on the availability of funds needed for the integration process, derailment of the macroeconomic convergence criteria, and protectionism tendencies among others. It is concluded in the paper that economic crises in general and the 2008 global and financial crisis and the 2010 Euro zone sovereign debt crisis in particular may slow, derail or even halt the regional integration process in the EAC. Areas for further research based in this paper include a need for detailed country-specific empirical case studies to take this essentially theoretical and conceptual paper to the next level.

The first problem in our third millennium is energy. For this raison, we try to find a new solution to develop different ways of distribution and energy use. This article presents the design of a sliding mode controller using sliding mode observation technique which aims to simplify the control procedure. For ameliorating the quality of the energy transferred from the power supply to the load, and minimizing the harmful effects of the harmonics generated by nonlinear load. The virtual grid flux vector estimated in the sliding-mode observer yields robustness against the line voltage distortions. We propose a new multi-function converter as an efficient solution to improve the power quality. The good dynamic and static performance under the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation.

Boyer Moore string matching algorithm is one of the famous algorithms used in string search algorithms. Widely, it is used in sequential form which presents good performance. In this paper a parallel implementation of Boyer Moore algorithm is proposed and evaluated. Experimental results show that it is valuable with zero overhead and cost optimal. The comparison between sequential and parallel showed that the parallel implementation was faster and more useful.

Computer users are continuously facing ethical challenges as society adopts new and increasingly complex tools and technologies. These ethical challenges can be managed by Islamic code of life. In this paper, we have studied and tried to identify, how computer affects the ethical issues of the society. In this regards, we have traced some highly related issues to the ethics of computer usage, namely – misuse of time, honesty and integrity, privacy, security, intellectual property right, and computer crime. We have also tried to explain these issues in the light of Qur’an and Hadith. At the end of this paper, we have also suggested some measures that can help in promoting proper use of computer facilities by the Muslim masses without compromising the Islamic principles.

This article explores the protective effects that finding a purpose in life has on the level of physical and mental impairment and overall quality of life. Result were gathered from a sample of 200 people. Although the combined social and physical experience of living with the disabling effects of polio has been associated with accelerated aging due to an increased allosteric load finding a purpose in life may diminish these effects. The finding of this study indicates that purpose in life is associated with less perceived decline in health. Moreover purpose in life is predictive of better quality of life despite levels of physical and mental impairment.

This study was undertaken to predict hatchability as a function of some physical characteristics of eggs in the third generation (F3) and backcrosses (BC1 and BC2) derived from crossing between two local developed strains of chickens (Gimmizah and Bandarah). The physical parameters used in this study were egg weight, egg shell thickness, egg shape index and yolk/albumin ratio as well as obtained hatchability. The relationships of these parameters in hatchability process were modeled by multiple linear regressions. The performances of the three genetic groups (F3, BC1 and BC2) were used to apply the modeling process. The following model output: Y = 241.6 + 1.126 x1 + 213.5 x2 + 79.54 x3 + 28.03 x4, where Y presents the predicted hatchability, 241.6 presents the intercept parameter (α) and the 1.126, 213.5, 79.54 and 28.03 are the slope parameters (βi) of egg weight (x1), shell thickness (x2), egg shape index % (x3) and yolk/albumin ratio (x4), respectively. Furthermore, the mention approach above confirms the existence of a highly significant relationship between the main regression parameters and predicted hatchability. Contrarily, determination coefficients adjusted (R²) were found to be 0.08, 0.11 and 0.13 in F3, BC1 and BC2, respectively. These R2 were closer to 0 indicates a regression line did not fit the data.

Probing into the connotation as well as the application of the legal relationship can broaden the research category of legal relationship theory and provide the necessary specification guidelines for the evolvement of back-feeding agriculture activities. The formal logic method can successively be used to analyze definition, characteristics, composition of the backfeeding agriculture legal relationship, which is the basis of the applicable solutions for backfeeding agriculture legal relationship in aspect of value, system and content. Back-feeding agriculture legal relationship which has the common characteristics of legal relationship and unique ones based on back-feeding agricultural orientation is the combination of administrative relationship, collaborative relationship and autonomous relationship whose main content is rights and obligations. These unique features are emerged from the subjects and the content of backfeeding agriculture legal relationship, while these unique ones behave differently along with the different objects. Community theory and benefit allocation mechanism can be used to analyze its application in terms of legislative spirit. In a similar way, systematization of normative legal documents should be used to analyze its application regard to legislative form, while the design of legislative norms to analyze its application in the field of legislative content.