PAMAM dendrimers containing ethylene diamine core and methyal acrylate as repeating unit were synthesized by divergent approach. Analytical characterization of PAMAM dendrimers amine terminated full generation 4.0G and ester terminated half generation 3.5G were performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy and MASS spectroscopy. The half generation dendrimers have the methyl ester terminating groups, which have the characteristic IR peaks for carbonyl at 1730-1750 cm-1. For the full generation dendrimers, when the methyl ester groups were converted to amide groups, the corresponding carbonyl shifted to 1660 cm- 1.The characteristic methyl ester peak, which appeared in all the 1H-NMR spectra of the ester terminating dendrimers, whereas it is absent in all the amine terminating dendrimers. The molecular weight was determined by ESI mass spectroscopy which further confirms the preparation of PAMAM dendrimers and provides information about the structural defects, polydispersity and purity.

In the extraction of the oil, it is mixed with water thus forming emulsions. The emulsions are found in almost all the stages of production and processing of the oil and in some cases is very difficult to be “broken”. The presence of emulsifiers agents is one of the responsible factors for the stability of emulsions. Certain fractions of high point of boiling, such as the asphaltenes and resins, can be emulsifier´s agents and to stabilize emulsions W/O. In some stages of refining, the oil suffers thermal treatments like the atmospheric distillation in order to separate the interest fractions. As the chemical composition of petroleum is much complex, it is interesting to evaluate the possible molecular transformations that can happen in those fractions asphaltenics. Temperature variations, pressure and chemical composition can cause some problems like the precipitation of the asphaltenes of the crude oil. In this work, the aim of is to evaluate if the effect of conditions as, for example, ambient temperature, presence of light and humidity can influence in the quantity of water and mainly in the structures of asphaltenes of two Brazilian oils, A and B, that were submitted for a period of stockage of two years in not inert atmosphere and the atmospheric pressure.Significant modifications had been observed in two oils principally in the amount of the asphaltenic fraction that can have the structural characteristics of the species contained in this fraction that can have action differentiated on emulsions water in oil.

Understanding human motions can be posed as a pattern recognition problem. In order to convey visual messages to a receiver, a human expresses motion patterns. Loosely called gestures, these patterns are variable but distinct and have an associated meaning. The Pattern recognition by any computer or machine can be implemented via various methods such as Hidden Harkov Models, Linear Programming and Neural Networks. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, which will be studied separately later on. This paper reviews why using ANNs in particular is better suited for analyzing human motions patterns.

Rainbow tables reduce the difficulty in brute force cracking a single password by creating a large pre-generated data set of hashes from nearly every possible password Rainbow Tables. This method, known as the Faster Time-Memory Trade-Off Technique, is based on research by Martin Hellman & Ronald Rivest done in the early 1980’s on the performance trade-offs between processing time and the memory needed for cryptanalysis. In this paper we review some of the most important works in rainbow table generation and using rainbow tables in window NT environment, i.e. against NTLM. We will discuss how NTLM is weak against rainbow table attacks.

Serialization is a process of converting an object into a stream of data so that it can be easily transmittable over the network or can be continued in a persistent storage location. This storage location can be a physical file, database or Network Stream. This paper concludes some the work that is going on in the field of Object Serialization. This paper presents Object Serialization Techniques that can be useful for various purposes, including object serialization Minimization which can be used to decrease the size of Serialized data.

A model clone is a set of similar or identical fragments in a model of the system. Understanding and Identifying model clones are important aspects in software evolution. During the Evolution of the Software product Cloning is often a strategic means for the same. Clone detection techniques play an important role in software evolution research where attributes of the same code entity are observed over multiple versions. To successfully create any method or technique for model clones detection we will have to study all the models defined in UML including internal and External Structure of UML This paper reviews some of the techniques available for the Model Clone Prevention and Detection.

Viewing litigation as an effective weapon in minority group politics, gay and lesbian rights activists in Canada and the United States turned to the judicial arena, seeking the courts‟ affirmation of their fundamental right to marry. In contrast, Belgian and Spanish activists refrained from constitutional litigation, choosing instead to pursue marriage equality by appealing to national legislative and executive institutions, and developing insider strategies within the political parties. This paper explores the asymmetry between the four countries: it highlights the key differences and similarities among them and offers preliminary explanations for the disparities in strategies for marriage equality. It concludes that the strategies developed by same-sex marriage advocates in these four cases reflected their countries‟ legal and political environment as well as their historical approach to social reform.

Focused on the macro level of economics law and ethic culture, this paper aims at finding out the fundamental obstacles for sound development of world economy and providing scientific theory for the establishment of a healthy global financial, economic, legal and social system as well as ethic cultural basis. Through the analisis of the interactive trend between catastrophes and humankind each other, this serialized article 4 interprets the deeper meaning of catastrophes from a new viewpoint.

Waste never a good part of the Environment, whether sometimes it is useful when it is recyclable. However in this present situation the waste liable for a lot of unwanted event. It degrades our climate, modifies our environment as well as create unsuitable situation. In many underdeveloped & developing countries still it is a major problem due to lack of proper management. This creates a lot of problems to the environment. Sustainable management for market solid waste is a concerning fact in Khulna city to lessen environment pollution and odor nuisances which are also contribute to the climate changes. This study helps to scrutiny the existing management process and introduces a new proposal of management process to abate environmental pollution. This study march by the following steps (1)The location and the covered area of the markets are resolve (2)The quantity and the types of waste produce in the market is analyze (3)The storage capacity and the collecting techniques is analyze (4) Management techniques (recycling, Viennese, BOD pending) proposed. The result of this study gives an idea for selecting place for the management. Here different pans are used for different waste storage and these are collect separately which reduce hazardous effect on the environment.

This paper analyzes the dependency of power output of the building integrated photovoltaic application in Bangladesh on various tilt and azimuth angle. Again this paper shows the temperature dependency of the output power of the building integrated photovoltaic application in Bangladesh. From the analysis, it is seen that if tilt angle is decremented from 90 deg to 1 deg, the power of proposed arrays is incremented by 7.88% keeping azimuth angle fixed at 0 deg. If azimuth angle is incremented from 0 deg to 180 deg, the power is decremented by 46.72% keeping tilt angle fixed at 21 deg.