In this paper we consider multipliers of distributions spaces. We obtain some characterizations of various multipliers spaces similar to those of multipliers of Banach algebras

Information Retrieval in a Telugu language is upcoming area of research. Telugu is one of the recognized Indian languages. We present a novel approach in reformulating item terms at the time of crawling and indexing. The idea is not new, but use of synset and other lexical resources in Indian languages context has limitations due to unavailability of language resources. We prepared a synset for 1,43,001 root words out of 4,83,670 unique words from training corpus of 3500 documents during indexing. Index time document expansion gave improved recall ratio, when compared to base line approach i.e. simple information retrieval without term expansion at both the ends. We studied the effect of query terms expansion at search time using synset and compared with simple information retrieval process without expansion, recall is greatly affected and improved. We further extended this work by expanding terms in two sides and plotted results, which resemble recall growth. Surprisingly all expansions are showing improvement in recall and little fall in precision. We argue that expansion of terms at any level may cause inverse effect on precision. Necessary care is required while expanding documents or queries with help of language resources like Synset, WordNet and other resources.

While working on modernization of large monolithic application; speed , synchronization and interaction with other components are the major concern for practical implementation of target system; as Service-Oriented Computing extends and covering many sections of monolithic legacy to web oriented development, these aspects becoming a new challenges to existing software engineering practices, the paper presents work which is undertaken for service orientation of monolithic legacy application including initial steps of service understanding, comprehension and extraction so that it can take a part in further migration activities to service oriented architecture platform. The work also shows that how several useful techniques can be applied to accomplish the result.

The present paper aims at analyzing the position and placement of various management and business degree holders who are postgraduate from different management institutes running in the different parts the India under the affiliation of the Indian universities and open universities. Among management and business degree holders the trend in their placement is constantly declining in Indian universities as compared to Indian open university universities with respect to ratio of their admissions taken by the students. Notwithstanding a strong human resource base of the Indian labour market manifesting in a highly skilled reserve of business and management manpower. The live records of placement agencies present a dismal figure about the absorption of this precious managerial and trained human resources of our country, as reflected in the increasing number of job seekers .But one thing it has to be noticed that business and management personnel with postgraduate qualification.

In this study, Tiefeng 31 seedling leaves were sprayed with 1500 mg•L-1 KHCO3 and NaHCO3, respectively, and determined the photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar, photosynthetic pigment and other physiological indexes to explore the effect of K +, Na+ and HCO3ˉ on soybean seedlings photosynthesis. The results showed that: compared with water spraying control , K +, Na+ and HCO3ˉ improved soybean seedlings photosynthetic rate, the content of soluble sugar, chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and the ratio of chlorophyll b in total chlorophyll; promoted soybean seedlings photosynthesis by providing more assimilatory power to dark reactions carbon fixation; and enhanced the activities of ATP enzyme, photophosphorylation, and PEPC. In addition, HCO3- played a more important role in promoting chlorophyll b synthesis and improving photosynthetic rate. NaHCO3 significantly increased the content of Rubisco. For other physiological indexes but the content of Rubisco, the promotion of K + is more than Na+.

Obviously the equity risk premium (ERP) is an important parameter in finance, more especially in fixing the cost of equity capital and giving values to assets. However, its estimation has challenged academics, analysts and other practitioners in the field of finance as to which of the estimation approaches presents the best result for practical application. It was also observed that most of the studies on this important aspect of finance have been mostly conducted in the developed stock markets with very little or none done on some of the emerging markets. With this in mind, the researcher was moved to place an emerging stock market on the map of researches on the ERP. At the end of the study it was discovered that as it is in the literature, arithmetic average yields higher risk premiums than the geometric average as can be seen in tables 4.5 and 4.6. For the period 2000-2011, an arithmetic average risk premium, for stocks over T-bills of 1.41% and a geometric average risk premium of -5.01% were reported. Based on the computations and analysis carried out in this study, it is hereby recommended that the Cumulative Arithmetic Mean type of averaging the returns should be engaged in the determination of market risk premium, especially in the emerging stock markets as it yields the best result.

Concentration of intense economic processes and high level of consumption in tourism increase their resource demands. Tourism today is become centers of high concentration of carbon emission rather than recreation. The future of tourism economy, to be sustainable, will have to re-establish the concept of sustainable ecotourism towards carbon neutrality. Under the umbrella of UNESCO’s MAB (Man and Biosphere, 1976) programmed in which Panchmarhi Sanctuary, Sapura National Park and Bori Sanctuary was notified on 3rd March 1999 as a Biosphere Reserve (BR). The Panchmarhi BR is located in Central Part of India. Presence of deep gorges, several waterfalls, lakes, marshy land, perennial streams, and hills of various elevations, rock painting and clean environment attracts more than one million tourists every year.

This research aims to eliminate the top sedimentation CAKE in gravity filtration for water purification in almost all water treatment plants due of blocking of large turbidity particles on top of first filter layer, it is strongly recommended to use a coarse materials that is lighter in density from sand, and can be float above the sand layer during the filtration circle back washing, our goal idea is to used crashed bricks due to its huge availability, cheep, high porosity &, less specific weight, bricks well washed and crashed mechanically then sieved to perform the required size, lab tests was made using waters supplied from city main network mixed with controlled percentage of kaolin as turbidity. Chemical are used to coagulate suspended materials before the filtration stage, chemical used include alum with some catalyst, such as poly electrolytes.

Adaptive learning systems are developed rapidly in recent years and the “heart” of such systems is user model. User model is the representation of information about an individual that is essential for an adaptive system to provide the adaptation effect, i.e., to behave differently for different users. There are some main features in user model such as: knowledge, goals, learning styles, interests, background… but knowledge, learning styles and goals are features attracting researchers’ attention in adaptive e-learning domain. Learning styles were surveyed in psychological theories but it is slightly difficult to model them in the domain of computer science because learning styles are too unobvious to represent them and there is no solid inference mechanism for discovering users’ learning styles now. Moreover, researchers in domain of computer science will get confused by so many psychological theories about learning style when choosing which theory is appropriate to adaptive system.

In digital communication system, selection of the most appropriate access method is a challenging task. To meet this challenge we have to be familiar with the technologies and system architectures on the CDMA digital cellular system. The demand for high speed mobile wireless communications is rapidly growing. DS-CDMA plays the best competitive role for achieving the high data capacity and spectral efficiency requirements for communication systems. This paper represents the performance analysis of CDMA using direct sequence and frequency hopping technique in a Fading & AWGN Channel. It also concerned with how well DSCDMA performs when transmitted over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and/or both AWGN and the fading channels. In order to investigate this, a simulation model created and implemented using MATLAB. The Modulated signal transmitted over the fading, AWGN, and/or both channels for various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. To evaluate the performance, for each SNR level, the received signal demodulated and the received data compared to the original information. The result of the simulation is shown in a plot of the bit error rate (BER)/error probability versus SNR, which provides the information about the systems performance.