Из позиции теории систем движение транспортного потока является беспрерывным изменением его состояния, что в упрощенной форме представляет собой переменную (вектор) и вместе со входной информацией (интенсивностью или скоростью) полностью определяет динамику транспортного потока. Поэтому, если рассматривать транспортный поток сам по себе, без входной интенсивности или скорости, то знание состояния потока в і-тиймомент времени (вместе со знанием структуры и параметров) достаточно для того, чтобы предусмотреть его будущее движение (поведение).Начальные условия дифференциального уравнения также будут являть собой вектор состояния [37, 41, 64, 65].Понятие состояние тесно связано с понятиями тип колебаний или гармоника. Через то, что состояние объекта не поддается непосредственному измерению, а измеряемые величины, изменяются препятствиями, состояние объекта может быть только оценено.

Для усовершенствования методов проектирования улично-дорожных сетей, определения и повышения пропускной способности улиц и дорог разного класса, ликвидации заторов, разработки методов количественного и качественного анализа состояний и оптимизации движения насыщенных транспортных потоков, рекомендаций к усовершенствованию государственных строительных норм в направлении уменьшения переходных режимов движения, как объективной причины возникновения ДТП предлагается обобщенная научная база, сведенная в теорию измерителей транспортных потоков. Сформулирован категорийно-понятийний аппарат, тезаурус исследования основывается на таких фундаментальных категориях как: масса потока, или его количество λ (авт), транспортное время Т (с, мин, час), транспортный путь L (м, км). Поток легковых автомобилей и проезжие части улиц и дорог рассматриваются как сложная система, соединенная понятием «транспортный поток», которой свойственна обратная связь, осуществляемая водителями и системой управления дорожным движением. Основным принципом в теории, которая развивается, принята целï

The Analysis of Variance is a robust tool for comparing significant difference between means of multiple series. The paper discusses an existing graphical tool that can be considered as a visual counterpart for the same purpose, and proposes some extensions to the plot. The jittered plot for different factors each at two levels along with their means and corresponding confidence intervals is the maximum extension that is been discussed in the paper. Software is also developed using Visual Basic 6.0 that can be used for drawing the jittered plot along with all the discussed extensions. The plot drawn in the software is compatible with other word processors. Thus the reader can use his/her’s own data set and obtain the corresponding plot.

In the present paper, we’ll explore how social media tools provide an opportunity for new developments of the e-Learning in the context of managing personal knowledge. There will be a discussion how social media tools provide a possibility for helping knowledge workers and students to gather, organize and manage their personal information as a part of the e-learning process. At the centre of this social software driven approach to e-learning environments are the challenges of personalization and collaboration. We’ll share concepts of how organizations are using social media for e-Learning and believe that integration of these tools into traditional e-Learning is probably not a choice, but inevitability. Students’ Survey of use of web technologies and social networking tools is presented. Newly developed framework for semantic blogging capable of organizing results relevant to user requirements is implemented at Varna Free University (VFU) to provide more effective navigation and search.

The use of children on cocoa farms in West Africa has received extensive attention over the last few decades due to media coverage in the international press and growing pressure from international organizations such as the International Labor Organization. Based on 2007 cocoa sector survey, the paper used a logistic regression model to determine the factors that significantly affect the decision to let a child attend school exclusively or do some work on the cocoa farm. To enable them develop, children who are in the school-going age are expected to devote their full time to education (and some recreation) and not engage in any type of work. The factors that were found to positively and significantly influence farmer`s decision to let the child attend school exclusively in cocoa communities of Ghana were: main source of drinking water being borehole, sex of a child, age of a child, and household heads living in the Ashanti cocoa region.

A new concept of identifying the most preferable load to be connected in a single phase full bridge inverter undergoing delta modulation has been provided in this paper. The best load is selected depending on the minimized Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) that depicts the presence of little amount of harmonics at the output response of the inverter as it is undisputedly the case that harmonics cause some perilous effects including unbalance and excessive neutral currents, interference in nearby communication networks and disturbance to other consumers, torque pulsations in electric motors and so forth. This paper reveals that a full bridge inverter operates more precisely with RC load having only 0.4084% THD as compared to RLC load and RL load. As a consequence, based on this, RC load has been considered as the most likely used load.

The existence and uniqueness solution of the Cauchy problem are discussed and proved in a Banach space E due to Bielecki method and Picard method depending on the properties we expect a solution to possess . Moreover , some properties concerning the stability of solution are obtained . The product Nyström method is used as a numerical method to obtain a linear system of algebraic equations. Also , many important theorems related to the existence and uniqueness solution of the algebraic system are derived . Finally , an application is given and numerical results are obtained.

The article aims in analyzing the maturity level of the organizational process in a centennial company of the welding sector in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Theoretical Framework emphasizes the concepts of Organizational Processes and Maturity Process. The model developed by Michel Hammer - Process Enterprise Maturity Model (PEMM) - was the basis for analyzing the processes’ performance. Data analysis was based on semi-structured interviews. Interviewees expressed their views, values and personal views to all the questions that were asked. Despite being a global and centennial company, there is still a long way to achieve the desired levels of excellence, even that the processes are reliable and stable.

The prediction of aerodynamic properties of thick airfoils is a tricky business for the blade manufactures. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a number of significant advantages to investigate the flow properties around airfoils, however, most turbulence models are working properly except having some problems in case of turbulent separation. The spectral/hp elements method offers fast convergence due to the better resolution in a short time. Therefore, we perform direct numerical simulation (DNS) at the Reynolds number (Re) = 3900 , polynomial orders (P)=9 and an angle of attack of = 120 round an airfoil (Fx77-W500) using spectral/hp elements method to solve the unsteady, viscous and two dimensional (2D) incompressible Navier- Stocks equations. A frequent fluctuation of the lift and drag forces has been found over the entire time. The contour plots of pressure and velocity magnitude around the airfoil are investigated for certain cases, which show more vortices at the upper portion of the airfoil and around the trailing edge The presented results show that some interesting and peculiar behaviors due to unsymmetrical airfoil shape, which remind more of a bluff body, that the lift forces show negative value very frequently.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of contamination, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorhexidine against the isolated microbes and also to assess the surface activity of chlorhexidine in three commercially available alginate impression materials. Materials and Methods: Twelve sealed packets of three different routinely used alginate impression materials were used. Three 0.1 gram samples were aseptically obtained from each packet. These were inoculated in glucose broth, thioglycolate broth and sabouraud’s dextrose agar tubes and were incubated for seven days. Surface activity of chlorhexidine in alginate mix was assessed using the Agar well technique. Results: A total of 24 out of 36 samples inoculated on various media showed growth, with an average contamination frequency of 67%. Bacillus species was highest in all three brands, followed by aerobic spore bearing bacilli and coagulase negative staphylococcus. Pseudomonas species was detected in two brands. All dilutions at 20μg/ml or above were clear of turbidity at 0.02% concentration, 10μg/ml or above were clear of turbidity at 0.05% concentration and all dilutions were clear of turbidity at 0.1% concentration. Conclusion: The level of contamination with microorganisms in commercially available alginate materials is effective alternative for disinfection impression material.