The design of new forming tools gets more proble-matic as the geometries get more complicated and the materials less formable. The idea with this project is to evaluate if an implementation of simulation software in the designing process, to simulate the forming process before actually building the tools, could help to avoid expensive mistakes. To evaluate this, the commercial FEM simulation software LS-DYNA was used in a complicated project, where the design of the forming tools for forming a girder was considered. The main objective was to avoid cracking and severe wrinkling which may result in the forming process. With help of simulations a stable forming process which did not yield cracks or severe wrinkling, was eventually found. The girder was almost impossible to form without cracking, but the breakthrough came when we tried to simulate a performing step which solved the problem. Without simulation software this would never have been tested since it would be too risky and expensive to try an idea which could turn out to be of no use. The simulations also showed that the spring back - shape deformation occurring after pressing - was large and hard to predict without simulations. Therefore, the tools were also finally spring back compensated.

Hydroforming is a cost-effective way of shaping ductile metals suchas aluminium, brass, low alloysteel, stainless steel into lightweight, structurally stiff and strong pieces. One of the largest applications of hydro forming is the automotive industry, which makes use of the complex shapes possible by hydro forming to produce stronger, lighter, and more rigid anybody structures for vehicles. This technique is particularly popular with the high-end sports car industry and is also frequently employed in the shaping of aluminium tubes for bicycle frames. Hydro forming is a specialized type of die forming that uses a high pressure hydraulic fluid to press room temperature working material into a die. Hydroforming is done for tubular structure and sheet metal also. Finite element modeling and simulations of hydroforming sheet metal process and closed sections has been carried out with the emphasis on draw-in effect. For that used FEA and FTI methods. A Finite element model is built to simulate the different stages of the hydroforming process under various blank holding forces.

With the exponential growth of internet and high speed networks operating throughout the world it is a challenging task to protect copyright of an individual’s creation. In this paper, a spread-spectrum-like discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain watermarking technique for copyright protection of still digital images is analyzed. In our approach, the watermark is embedded in the mid frequency band of the DCT blocks only in the sub band which is carrying low frequency components and the high frequency sub band components remain untouched. With this approach we are developing an application for copyright protection and X-ray medical application too .For further security we are using ZIP Compression Technique. In effect, the main purpose of image compression is to trim down redundancy of the image data in order to be able to store or transmit data in an efficient form.

In the Information technology field there has been lots of development.The development of software is increasing every day. IT professional are developing software for different business needs.Software is developed with internal IT professional as well as out sourcing.In many cases the outsourcing has been unsuccessful.In some cases the internal software development has also created some conflict. The relationship between the software developers and the project mangers is undesirable. This paper address these failed relationships and suggest a solution to a problem.The solution would be to diagnose the relationship from both sides. Secondly Agency theory can be implemented to resolve the conflict between the two.

The main aim of the present paper is to evaluate a summation formula in the shadow of contiguous relation and recurrence relation.

The intended end of this study is to trace the connection between language and ideology and how these connections are advocated in the evaluation of spoken texts, in keeping with the Socio Cognitive Model (2002) of Van Dijk. This study is also intended to explain that the political talk shows telecast byvarious private TV channels are apparent and conducive devices of ideology and concealed contexts and meanings which are not always vivid for readers and the viewers. The researchers attempted to explore how the ideologies are portrayed in these shows through the analysis of a programme of a very popular talk show of a private television channel of Pakistan. It also suggests that these talk shows bewilder the agency of systems by using various tactics. In other words, critical text analyses reveal how these selections lead debaters to manipulate the relations of agency and power in the representation of action to create specific connotations which are not always vivid for all readers and the viewers.

The main focus of the study was classroom activities. The second main and important aspect is that how teachers solve class room problems by using management skills. This study is also a need assessment about the different teaching techniques which are applied and should be applied in the classroom situation at secondary level. To make the sample representative of the population, Province Punjab was divided into three regions and then from each two districts were selected randomly. On the other side, all sections of population were covered in the sample i.e. male, female and urban, rural. For data collection, five point rating scale developed for teachers. Data was collected by personal visits of the researcher, fellows and post. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS Software to test the designed hypotheses. Main results of the study revealed that majority of the teachers faced the problem of overcrowded classes. Almost all the teachers agreed that during the teaching learning process the class should be quiet.

Assembly line balancing is to know how tasks are to be assigned to workstations, so that the predetermined goal is achieved. Minimization of the number of workstations and maximization of the production rate are the most common goals. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of assembly line balancing and tries to find out latest developments and trends available in industries in order to minimize the total equipment cost and number of workstations.

Training plays its crucial part in every field. In this research work, the role of training is evaluated in education sectors in Pakistan through primary data. The data was collected from trained and untrained teachers. The performance parameters are determined and then the performance of teachers is evaluated on these predetermined parameters. It was concluded that there is a significant difference between the performance of trained and untrained teachers in specific performance areas.

Multimodal image matching calls or demands for feature based or object based matching. Feature used in matching can be edges ,ridges, blobs, valleys etc. Feature based matching is considered as less tedious and low level image processing task whereas object based matching is consider as high level image processing task and complex.