Compressed air as a source of energy in different uses in general and as a nonpolluting fuel in compressed air vehicles has attracted scientists and engineers for centuries. Efforts are being made by many developers and manufacturers to master the compressed air vehicle technology in all respects for its earliest use by the mankind. The present paper gives a brief introduction to the latest developments of a compressed-air vehicle along with an introduction to various problems associated with the technology and their solution. While developing of compressed air vehicle, control of compressed air parameters like temperature, energy density, requirement of input power, energy release and emission control have to be mastered for the development of a safe, light and cost effective compressed air vehicle in near future.

In this paper an attempt is made to understand the basic unified concepts of gravity, electromagnetism, nuclear charge radius, cosmic geometry; cosmic mass density, cosmic thermal energy density and cosmic red shift. The four key assumptions are : 1) Planck’s constant increases with cosmic time. 2) Being a primordial evolving black hole and angular velocity being Ht universe is always rotating with light, speed. 3) Atomic gravitational constant is squared Avogadro number times the classical gravitational constant and 4) Avogadro number is discrete and hence the atomic gravitational constant is discrete. This may be the root cause of discrete nature of revolving electron’s potential energy. Finally it can be suggested that current cosmological changes may be reflected in any existing atom.

A total of 135 weaner rabbits were used in a 70 days feeding trial to investigate the effect of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and digestible energy (DE) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, caecal fermentation, caecal and faecal microflora. The experiment was laid out in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of 3 levels of fibre components (low, optimum and high) and 3 levels of DE (low, optimum and high). There were 9 dietary treatments with 15 rabbits allotted to each diet. Final liveweight (P<0.01) and weight gain (P<0.05) of rabbits increased with increasing dietary fibre.

Marketing of library and information products and services approach aims at determining the needs, wants and demands of the target clients through designing and delivering appropriate products and services more effectively for the purpose of achieving organizational goals and objectives. This paper is an aims to conceptualize the strategic approaches of marketing mix to library and information centers finally, it recognizes some benefits of proposed marketing plan. The librarians should understand the nature of information, needs of users, the transfer process between people and information. Understanding of this new dimension of library and information services will help concerned policy makers in formulating appropriate plans and programs to make the library and information services most effective, and long sustainable.

In digital Image Processing, removal of noise is a highly demanded area of research. Impulsive noise is common in images which arise at the time of image acquisition and or transmission of images. In this paper, a new hybrid filtering algorithm is presented for the removal of impulse noise from digital images. Here, we replace the impulse noise corrupted pixel by the median of the pixel scanned in four directions. The experimental results of this filter applied on various images corrupted with almost all ratios of impulse noise favor the filter in terms of objectivity than many of the other prominent impulse noise filters.

Complex system design is increasingly adopting on risk and reliability analysis. Approach population and urban development expand in landscape island countries or countries with long coastlines, city planners and engineers resort to land reclamation to ease the pressure on existing heavily-used land and underground spaces using risk based design. Risk based design has also been used on system that use fill materials from seabed, hills, deep underground excavations, and even construction debris, engineers are able to create relatively vast and valuable land from the sea. An aquaculture industry is the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. Considerable interest exists in developing open ocean aquaculture in response to a shortage of suitable, sheltered inshore locations and possible husbandry advantages of oceanic sites. Adopting the concept of very large floating structure in aquaculture farming in ocean is like to produce more aquaculture product like seaweed. All being property and support for growing aquaculture industry. On risk analysis study of offshore aquaculture ocean plantation system is very important to determine the system functionality and capability that meet sustainable and reliability requirement. The research will qualitatively assess system risk and quantify mooring failure probability, maximum force and required number of mooring as well as associated cost.

The shipping industry is responsible for the carriage of 90% of world trade. Thus, it remains the most energy efficient mode of transport. Shipping is expected to have greater impact on global warming considering size of vessel plying the world ocean. The Green House Gas (GHG) emissions are the main air pollutants in maritime transportation. In 2007, CO₂ emission from the shipping amounted to 847 million tones or about 2.7% of global CO₂ emission and it is expected to reach 18% in 2050. In July 2009, Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) approved to circulate interim guidelines on the method of calculation of Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) to create stronger incentives for further improvements in ship‟s fuel consumption, resulting CO₂ emissions on a capacity basis. This paper present outcome of GHG emission data collection and quantification from ship, the study hope to contribute to regulation for reduction of GHG emission in shipping industry and subsequent mitigation of climate change. Equipment used to measure the concentration of gas and total suspended particulate in the atmosphere are Mini Vol Portable Air Sampler, Graywolf Direct Sense Monitoring Kit, TSI IAQ-Calc and Gas Detector IQ-1000. The equipment‟s are used to determine the gas concentration, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration respectively. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most important anthropogenic GHG. The experimental data analysis is used to validate recommended EEDI calculation.

Textile industries release large amounts of wastewater at risk of toxicity. Shells could be alternative adsorbent materials both economic and less polluting. To highlight the process of adsorption of dyes on Mytilus Edulis shells, a model, based on an analytical method was applied to the case of spherical samples. The theoretical, results fo the kinetics of dye transfer were in good agreement with the corresponding experimental ones. The Spherical model exhibited a significant dye transfer, controlled by diffusion with different diffusivity an a coefficient of matter transfer characterizing the retardation in the transfer on the surface.

The study examined the impact of effective management of credit sales on profitability and liquidity of Food and Beverage Industries in Nigeria. The study centered mainly on the effect of each of the individual components of credit sales, profitability, liquidity and activity level of the companies under study which include the credit sales percentage, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, debtors collection period, debtors turnover, acid test ratio and return on current assets. Also the credit policy variables were examined which include credit standards, credit terms and collection policy and procedures.Data were obtained from the Annual reports and Accounts of the selected companies of year (2007-2011). The relevant data were subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in testing the hypotheses. The study revealed that when credit sales are effectively managed profitability is at a desirable level. Lastly, the finding revealed that when a firm’s debtors turnover is favourable, liquidity is at a desirable level. The researchers recommended that companies should consider their mission, the nature of their businesses and their business environment before setting up a credit policy.

The intention is to examine the determinants of the CRs for Jordanian companies listed in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The analyses which will be used to fulfil this goal are: First, a descriptive analysis that relates to dependent and independent variables, univariate analysis which is related to independent variable descriptive of only one variable, bivariate and correlation analysis (between two variables), parametric and non-parametric tests.Second, multivariate’s analyses are undertaken, which are related to all independent variables by using many statistical tools such as untransformed ordinary least squares (U_OLS), transformed ordinary least squares (T_OLS). Further, as to the application, the current study makes a contribution by investigating some variables relate to company ownership structure, namely, blockholders and governmental ownership, which together are the results reveal that the listings of blockholders and governmental owners of Jordanian companies in the ASE has no impact on CR. The results in summary confirm that leverage to multivariate analysis is associated negatively at 99% level of confidence with CR. The results of the static CR multivariate models confirm that the study that size, growth opportunity (Tobin’s q), and (insider, family, foreign ownership) are very strongly positively at 99 % level of confidence associated with CR. But the percentage of blockholders, institution and governmental owners of Jordanian companies in the ASE are not a critical factor in the Jordanian context, except institution is negatively at 95 % level of confidence for first model.